NRNP 6675 Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
Walden University Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
The introduction for the Walden University Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
After the introduction, move into the main part of the Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
Personality disorders are defined as how a person’s personality constantly causes problems for themselves or others. They are characterized by chronic patterns of inner experience and inflexible behaviors, but the affected persons have no insight into the problem. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by self-image problems, unstable interpersonal relationships, feelings of emptiness, and self-mutilating behavior (Storebø et al., 2020). The purpose of this paper is to discuss controversies surrounding BPD, personal beliefs about BPD, strategies to maintain a therapeutic relationship, and ethical and legal considerations.
Controversy That Surrounds Borderline Personality Disorder
BPD has been controversial since it was identified as a diagnosis due to the stigma associated with the disorder and the therapeutic negativity held by health providers who encounter patients with the disorder in acute settings. Clinical controversies have previously cropped up about whether BDP is a legitimate diagnosis, leading to some insurance companies refusing to acknowledge BPD treatment for reimbursement matters (Choudhary & Gupta, 2020). In addition, some practitioners have raised controversies about the theories used in developing BPD. Consequently, many health providers do not regard BPD as a genuine diagnosis and consider it self-induced or chosen. This has led to numerous cases of mental health practitioners declining to treat BPD patients (Campbell et al., 2020). Furthermore, many mental health practitioners believe that individuals with BPD use a disproportionate portion of mental health services and that the disorder is not compliant with treatment even with contrary evidence.
Professional Beliefs about Borderline Personality Disorder
I believe that BPD is a real diagnosis, and mental health practitioners should be keen to identify patients with odd
and eccentric personalities. Campbell et al. (2020) assert that diagnosis is vital in identifying the appropriate treatment for individuals with symptoms suggesting BPD. I also believe that BPD can be identified by looking at the culture and social norms, which help to distinguish normal from abnormal patterns. According to Choudhary and Gupta (2020), culture and social norms are the two vital factors that distinguish between normal and abnormal behavioral patterns in BPD. The social norms influence and drive a person’s interpersonal functioning, and emotions are experienced and expressed within the cultural context.
Furthermore, I believe that BPD becomes evident in adolescence and early adulthood. Thus, practitioners should be observant of problems in personality in this population. Bozzatello et al. (2021) explain that, similar to all PDs, BPD emerges during adolescence or young adulthood. Thus, it is crucial to detect the presence of BPD in its early stages to initiate treatment and improve its prognosis.
Strategies for Maintaining the Therapeutic Relationship with a Client with BPD
A positive therapeutic relationship is extensively acknowledged as a crucial factor that promotes the effectiveness of clinical outcomes in treating patients with BPD. However, a positive therapeutic relationship is usually slow to develop, challenging to maintain, and inconsistent (Flora, 2018). The provider can maintain a positive therapeutic relationship by cultivating emotional awareness since the patient’s or the provider’s emotional sensitivity, and reactivity can hinder the therapeutic process. Therapists who often strain with moderating their intense reactions should seek to recognize and accept their emotional experiences.
The therapist should be responsive by tailoring interventions to a patient’s characteristics and behaviors. Furthermore, the provider’s attitude, communication style, and intent are crucial to creating an effective therapeutic relationship. Empathic validation is another o important strategy for maintaining the therapeutic relationship (Flora, 2018). Patients with BPD are emotionally sensitive to actual or perceived rejection or criticism, which hinders effective therapeutic relationships. Lastly, the therapist should avoid being authoritative or controlling when handling BPD clients (Flora, 2018). They should rather be highly collaborative and treat the patient as capable, competent, and an active participant in therapy.
Ethical and Legal Considerations Related To BPD
BPD patients have high rates of discontentment due to unmet needs, like access to services and adequate treatments, which lead to ethical issues. Patients’ right to autonomy should be upheld by educating individuals with BPD about their diagnosis and available treatment options to alleviate them. Campbell et al. (2020) found that individuals with BPD are not told about their diagnosis or are informed they have a different condition, such as bipolar disorder, which compromises the principle of veracity. Furthermore, beneficence and nonmaleficence should be considered through correct diagnosis and treatment interventions. Correct diagnosis is crucial to ensure patients receive the appropriate treatment (Storebø et al., 2020). It is undoubtedly evident that errors in diagnosis or failure to tell patients of their BPD diagnosis can cause significant preventable harm.
Conclusion
Controversies surrounding BPD on whether it is legitimate have led to some practitioners declining to offer treatment and insurers failing to compensate. The correct diagnosis of BPD alleviates possible harm, which may occur from inadequate treatment or treatment linked with marked iatrogenic harms. All therapy approaches for BPD stress the significance of the therapeutic relationship. Strategies to maintain a therapeutic relationship with BPD clients include cultivating emotional awareness, being responsive, having a positive attitude and communication style, and empathic validation.
References
Bozzatello, P., Garbarini, C., Rocca, P., & Bellino, S. (2021). Borderline Personality Disorder: Risk Factors and Early Detection. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 11(11), 2142. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112142
Campbell, K., Clarke, K., Massey, D., & Lakeman, R. (2020). Borderline Personality Disorder: To diagnose or not to diagnose? That is the question. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. doi:10.1111/inm.12737
Choudhary, S., & Gupta, R. (2020). Culture and borderline personality disorder in India. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 714.
Flora, K. (2018). The therapeutic relationship in Borderline kPersonality Disorder: A cognitive perspective. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 18(2), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2018.2.12
Storebø, O. J., Stoffers-Winterling, J. M., Völlm, B. A., Kongerslev, M. T., Mattivi, J. T., Jørgensen, M. S., Faltinsen, E., Todorovac, A., Sales, C. P., Callesen, H. E., Lieb, K., & Simonsen, E. (2020). Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 5(5), CD012955. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012955.pub2
Sample Answer 2 for Assignment: Controversy Associated with Personality and Paraphilic Disorders
Paraphilic disorders can be defined as intense and recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, behaviors, or urges which are stressful or incapacitating to the patient or can harm others. Through evidence-based practice, the DSM-V has outlined the diagnostic criteria for different personality and paraphilic disorders to promote timely treatment from the limited available treatment options following limited research on the disorder. Some of the outlined paraphilic disorders include voyeuristic disorder, sexual sadism, sexual masochism, exhibitionistic disorder, pedophilic disorder, transvestic disorder, and fetishistic disorder (Campo-Arias & Herazo, 2018). The available treatment for these disorders includes both psychotherapeutic approaches and the use of medication such as SSRIs and antiandrogens. However, this paper focuses on the controversies associated with the diagnosis and management of the pedophilic disorder, in addition to related ethical and legal considerations essential in clinical practice.
Controversy Surrounding Pedophilic Disorder
Great controversies have been reported on the definition of pedophilic disorder based on legal, ethical, and scientific perspectives. The ICD 10 and DSM-V consider pedophilic disorder as a true mental problem that can be diagnosed in adult patients above the age of 16 years who have sexual desire for prepubescent children mostly below the age of 13 years, displaying potential harm to them. On the other hand, cultural and social norms believe that pedophilia is a socially unacceptable morally wrong behavior of which one has to take the consequences of their actions (Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak & Lew-Starowicz, 2021). According to the United States, Europe, and Canadian legal perspectives, any behavioral expression of pedophilia is considered a criminal offense, of which legal action must be taken against the offender. As such, it becomes quite difficult to diagnose and treat patients with this disorder as a result of the above-mentioned controversies.
Professional Beliefs about Pedophilic Disorder
As a healthcare professional, I believe that Pedophilia is a mental disorder that should be diagnosed based on the specifications outlined in the DSM-V and ICD-10 among other clinical guidelines. I believe that early diagnosis of this disorder can help promote timely treatment, hence positive outcomes promoting the mental health and wellbeing of the patients while preventing anticipated harm to the minor (Campo-Arias & Herazo, 2018). However, a line should be drawn between people who display sexual defilement character from those who suffer from social distress and difficulties associated with the sexual urge and potential harm to the victim. Only patients who qualify for the diagnosis should be spared from the legal action taken against sexual offenders.
Maintaining Therapeutic Relationship
The evidence-based practice recommends the use of psychotherapy as the main treatment option for patients diagnosed with pedophilia. To promote effective outcomes, the psychiatrist is required to establish and maintain a healthy therapeutic relationship with the patient. Displaying appropriate communication skills such as the use of a polite, nonjudgmental, and empathetic tone can help promote the confidence and trust of the patient in the psychiatrist (Bradford et al., 2020). Additionally, the psychiatrist is also required to display active listening skills and open-mindedness to promote engagement of the patient, essential in drawing adequate information to further understand the patient’s condition. Finally, informing the patient comprehensively regarding what pedophilic disorder is, and how they can benefit from the available treatment option is also key in promoting the patient’s confidence in the entire care process.
Ethical and Legal Considerations
When taking care of patients diagnosed with pedophilia, clinicians are normally faced with one main legal challenge which is upholding the patient’s right to privacy and confidentiality (Zghal et al., 2017). Deciding on when to disclose the patient’s information to the authorities is normally quite challenging leading to several ethical and legal consequences. For instance, non-offending pedophiles have the right to seek psychiatric medical attention with their right to privacy and confidentiality upheld. On the other hand, psychiatrists have the legal obligation of reporting offending pedophiles hence breaching their privacy rights. It is thus quite difficult for the psychiatrist to draw the line between the two scenarios given that both cases display potential harm to children.
Conclusion
Understanding paraphilic disorder is quite confusing for most individuals as a result of several controversies brought about by different cultural, social, scientific, and legal perspectives. For instance, the DSM-V among other clinical guidelines considers pedophilia as a mental disorder whereas the community and state laws regard this behavior as a criminal offense that requires legal action to be taken against the offender. However, studies show that patients who qualify for the diagnosis of pedophilic disorder can greatly benefit from psychotherapy promoting their mental health and well-being.
References
Bradford, J. M., Firestone, P., & Ahmed, A. G. (2020). The Paraphilic Disorders and Psychopathy. The Wiley International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law, 671-691. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119159322.ch29
Campo-Arias, A., & Herazo, E. (2018). Innovations, reviews, and proposals on the DSM-5: The case of sexual dysfunctions, gender dysphoria, and paraphilic disorders. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed.), 47(1), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2017.12.008
Oronowicz-Jaśkowiak, W., & Lew-Starowicz, M. (2021). Personality variables among sexual offenders with and without a diagnosis of paraphilic disorders. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S380-S381. doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1020
Zghal, M., Romdhane, F. F., El Ghali, F., Mezghani, M., Jouini, L., Ghazeli, I., & Ridha, R. (2017). Homicide, borderline personality disorder and paraphilic disorder: A case report. European Psychiatry, 41(S1), S594-S594. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.915