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Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women

NRNP 6675 Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women

Walden University Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women-Step-By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University  Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women                  

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University  Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women                  

The introduction for the Walden University  Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women                  

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women                  

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women                  

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for Discussion: Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women

Peripartum Depression occurs during pregnancy or after childbirth. This new term acknowledges depression that surrounds having a baby can have an onset during pregnancy.

Treatment includes:

APA guidelines for treating women with major depressive disorder who are pregnant, or breastfeeding recommend psychotherapy without medication as a first-line treatment for mild depression with a pregnant or breastfeeding mother. For moderate or severe depression antidepressants such as SSRIs, SNRIs, etc. can serve as primary treatment (American Psychiatric Association, 2020).

FDA Approved Drug

Brexanolone is an IV aqueous β-cyclodextrin-based formulation that produces stable serum levels Brexanolone is thought to be connected to GABA-A receptor activity. To compensate for the decline in allopregnanolone that follows childbirth, Brexanolone increased doses of allopregnanolone ( a horomone that rises in

Discussion Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women
Discussion Prescribing for Older Adults and Pregnant Women

childbirth but then quickly depletes after childbirth. It is thought to be a precipitating factor for PPD). like what the mothers’ levels are in the 3rd trimester (Fadden and Citrome ,2020).

Off-Label Drug

In a double-blind randomized trial of sertraline for peripartum depression, Sertraline produced a remarkably larger response rate (59 %) than placebo (26 %) and a more than twofold increased remission rate (53 % vs. 21 %) (Psychopharmacology, 2014).

 

Nonpharmacological Interventions

Interventions include physical therapy, kinesitherapy, music therapy and acupuncture. Cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are 2 of the most common interventions with strong clinical efficacy for treating peripartum depression. Physical therapies such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and light therapy are also effective. rTMS has been shown to last 6 months or more. Light therapy targets sleep and circadian rhythms which can heavily influence PPD (Medicine, 2020).

References

Faden, J., & Citrome, L. (2020). Intravenous Brexanolone for postpartum depression: what it is, how well does it work, and will it be used?. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology, 10, 2045125320968658. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125320968658

Hantsoo, L., Ward-O’Brien, D., Czarkowski, K. A., Gueorguieva, R., Price, L. H., & Epperson, C. N. (2014). A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of sertraline for postpartum depression. Psychopharmacology231(5), 939–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3316-1

Torres, Felix. (2020). What is Peripartum Depression (formerly Postpartum)? American Psychiatric Association.  https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/postpartum-depression/what-is-postpartum-depression

Wang, Y., Li, H., Peng, W., Chen, Y., Qiu, M., Wang, J., Hao, Q., Tu, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhu, T. (2020). Non-pharmacological interventions for postpartum depression: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine99(31), e21496. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000021496

As people grow older, they are likely to encounter physical and mental changes. They may experience diseases that are commonly seen in the older population such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and degenerative diseases. In addition to all these changes, they may also experience other changes such as children moving out of the house, causing them to be empty nesters, or loved ones getting ill and passing. These changes may precipitate mental health disorders such as depression. According to Csajbók, Kagstrom, and Cermakova, (2022) third of older adults experience a mental health disorder like depression. Mental health clinicians need to properly understand the variations in older adults, their comorbidities, lifestyle changes, order of medications being administered, and their pharmacodynamics in relation to any medications they prescribe for depression.

According to Chen et al., (2021) music, physical exercise, and massage have been shown to improve depressive symptoms in older adults. Depending on the severity of depressive symptoms, it will be beneficial to initiate nonpharmacological options. Patients should be educated on the goals of each treatment option. Patients who already have multiple medications should also attempt nonpharmacological options first to avoid potential side effects and interactions with other medications.

According to Glass, Hermida, Hershenberg, and Schwartz, (2020) many medications have been approved for the treatment of depression in the elderly. However, SSRI and SNRI are more preferred compared to tricyclics due to more favorable side effects.  Citalopram is most frequently used due to its limited interaction in the liver

Before starting any antidepressant for an older adult, It is important to take into consideration the drug-drug interaction, family history, and other comorbidities since antidepressants may also treat other depressive-related disorders, start with the lowest possible dose and titrate while monitoring for any drug interaction or adverse effect (Glass, Hermida, Hershenberg, and Schwartz, 2020).

 

Reference

Csajbók, Z., Kagstrom, A., & Cermakova, P. (2022). Season of birth has no effect on symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10892-8

Chen, Y.-J., Li, X.-X., Pan, B., Wang, B., Jing, G.-Z., Liu, Q.-Q., Li, Y.-F., Bing, Z.-T., Yang, K.-H., Han, X.-M., & Ge, L. (2021). Non-pharmacological interventions for older adults with depressive symptoms: A network meta-analysis of 35 randomized controlled trials. Aging & Mental Health, 25(5), 773–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1704219

Glass, O. M., Hermida, A. P., Hershenberg, R., & Schwartz, A. C. (2020). Considerations and Current Trends in the Management of the Geriatric Patient on a Consultation-Liaison Service. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01147-2

Vijay, A., Becker, J. E., & Ross, J. S. (2018). Patterns and predictors of off-label prescription of psychiatric drugs. PloS One, 13(7), e0198363. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198363