NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
I really enjoyed your presentation and felt like I learned more about Addison’s disease. I was interested in this subject matter due to someone I know having this disease and wanting to understand more about her condition.
- Discuss the risk factors and the connection to the etiology of the initial injury to the cell/tissue/organ
One of the things I found most interesting about Addison’s that I did not remember from nursing school was the most common cause of Addison’s being tuberculosis worldwide. Upon further research, I found that this is not common in further developed countries such as the United States, but in those underdeveloped countries (Burton, Cottrell, & Edwards, 2015, p. 488). Most often in established countries the cause is an autoimmune disease as you mentioned. Example of the autoimmune diseases would be type 1 diabetes, or Graves’ disease. Other risk factors include other chronic infections, removal of part of the adrenal gland, or polyendocrine deficiency syndrome. These autoimmune disorders cause breakdown of the adrenal cortex most often causing Addison’s disease.
- Provide a brief diagnosis of how the disease is diagnosed
In your presentation you mentioned that diagnosis is made based on laboratory values to determine either primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency with high ACTH being primary and low ACTH being secondary. It is important to understand that the cortisol levels must be drawn in the morning to give a more accurate result. In my research, I found that patients are often misdiagnosed until they progress into Addisonian crisis due to providers focusing on other differential diagnoses based on the patient’s sign and symptoms (Burton, et. al, 2015, p.489). Once patients have become this ill, they usually present to the emergency department and the diagnosis is made based on presentation, laboratory values of hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, and then can be confirmed by morning cortisol levels. The delay in diagnosis was the most interesting.
Burton, C., Cottrell, E., & Edwards, J. (2015). Addison’s disease: identification and management in primary care. The British Jounral of General Practice, 65(638), 488-490. http://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X686713Links to an external site.
- Analyze pathophysiologic mechanism associated with Addison’s Diseas:
NR 507 Week 6 Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
Mediated destruction
Sanne van Haren, Hannah, Alex & Gijs (2018) indicated as did you that Addison’s Disease Caused by Tuberculosis. Just like Aspergillus Pneumonia, Addison’s disease is difficult to diagnose and treat. Fichna, Żurawek, Bratland, Husebye, Kasperlik-Załuska, Czarnocka & … Nowak. (2015) stated that Interleukin-2 subunit alpha (soluble receptor) reveals and confirms a direct connect between 21OH=directed reactivity and AAD, and 11.2 SNP. Fichna, Żurawek, Bratland, Husebye, Kasperlik-Załuska, Czarnocka & … Nowak. (2015) continued that Addison’s disease (AAD) has a direct connect to T-cell destruction of the adrenal cortex.
So there is lyphocytic infiltration of the adrenal gland, autoantibodies, 21 hydroxylase (21OH). It is also indicated that he etiology remains obscure but genetic and environmental factors can be significant. Your PowerPoint presentation was excellent. I read about genes influencing T-cell fate. Is this true about transcription factors STAT4, GATA3, interleukin-23 (IL23A: activates STAT4) and interferon-Gamma production aides in the production of interferon-Gamma by the memory CD4+ cells.
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- Relate research findings to the management of patients with complex pathophysiologic dysfunction of the adrenal cortex and how the hormones are all related. I can see the difficulty with the treatment in that rifampicin and steroids is part of the treatment, but low dose of steroids can be a problem with any long disorder, especially those who are immunocompromised. In addition, Aspergillus Pneumonia which is a rare opportunistic fungal infection would have a field day and be invasive to this type of individual. Any type of compromised disease would contribute to a host of problems later down the line. As with the disease that I had chosen, systemic considerations should be taken when it comes to signs and symptoms. For example, similarities exist with both diseases in that weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms are common signs and symptoms for both. Clara, Joana, Marina, Fábio, Sara, Alexandre & … Teresa (2018) also agree that it is difficult to diagnose Addison’s disease in that this disease is rare and even gave a case about a teenager having multiple visits to the emergency room to which the teenager was treated with hydro cortisone and fludrocortisone and added that Addison’s disease has unspecific symptomatology.
References:
Clara, P., Joana, C., Marina, P., Fábio, B., Sara, L., Alexandre, F., & … Teresa, B. (2018).
Addison’s disease – the difficulty of diagnosis. Nascer E Crasser , Vol 27, Iss 1, Pp
39-42 (2018), (1), 39.
Fichna, M., Żurawek, M., Bratland, E., Husebye, E. S., Kasperlik-Załuska, A., Czarnocka,
B., & … Nowak, J. (2015). Interleukin-2 and subunit alpha of its soluble receptor in
autoimmune Addison’s disease–an association study and expression analysis.
Autoimmunity, 48, 2, 100-107. doi:10.3109/08916934.2014.976628
Sanne van Haren, N., Hannah, V., Alex, M., & Gijs, L. (2018). Addison’s Disease
Caused by Tuberculosis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Difficulties. European
Journal of Case Reports In Internal Medicine (2018), doi:10.12890/2018_000911
Sample Answer 2 for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
I thought your presentation was outstanding. Great job! You presented the material in a very clear and concise manner with no distractions. Your slides are easy to read and well organized. I see that you covered all the required information, so it is difficult to disagree or come up with any negative feedback. Therefore, I will ask some questions related to your presentation that I am interested in hearing more about that I did not see in the presentation.
#5 Link changes in tissue, organ, and system functioning to the initial presenting signs and symptoms seen in primary care of the disease.
Regarding this question, if a patient is told they will need dialysis, but they refuse, they have an approximate survival time of six months. What would you do to change the patient’s mind about dialysis?
Shafi, Saleem, Anjum, Abdullar, and Shafi (2018) give the results of a six-month study on patients hospitalized with chronic kidney disease. The study included 125 patients, in Pakistan, who were patients in a hospital within a 6-month’s time-frame. The mean patient age was 47.9±12.1 years. Of all patients, 72 agreed to dialysis and 53 refused. The study showed that those in middle to higher income groups agreed more frequently to dialysis than those in lower income groups. Trust in the primary care provider (86%) was the most common reason to accept dialysis. The most common reasons for refusing were frequency of dialysis during the week (52.8%), permanent nature of dialysis (50.9%), and perception of poor quality of life (35.8%). In this study the median survival after withholding dialysis was 6 months.
#7 Provide a brief description of the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions used to treat and manage the disease.
If a patient does receive a kidney transplant, is there a lifetime medication regimen?
Spivey, Burns, Garrett, Duke (2014) explain how immunosuppressant therapy (IST) plays a very important role in maintaining graft function in kidney transplantation. In a meta-analysis, 22.6% of low-income and minority groups are vulnerable to an increased risk of non-compliance. There may be severe consequences to this non-adherence such as, rejection or failure of the transplanted organ. The complexity of medication regimens can be overwhelming to some recipients as well as the high cost of the multiple medications that are needed to prevent graft rejection.
Any information about these two topics that you could add would be great. Again, GREAT JOB!!
Regards,
References
Shafi, S., Saleem, M., Anjum, R., Abdullah, W., & Shafi, T. (2018). Refusal of hemodialysis by hospitalized chronic kidney disease patients in Pakistan. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, 29(2), 401-408.
Spivey, C., Chisholm-Burns, M., Garrett, C., & Duke, K. (2014). Serving underserved transplant recipients: Experience of the medication access program. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 613-619.
Sample Answer 3 for NR 507 Week 6: Recorded Disease Process Presentation Peer Review
Risk factors
I agree with you that congenital malformations, pre-existing kidney, genetics, and infections are some of the risk factors for chronic renal disease.
Obesity, low birth weight, nephrotoxins, age, and ethnicity, are also risk factors associated with the disease (Kazancioğlu, 2013). According to Chang & Kramer, 2013, Glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration increase capillary wall tension of the glomeruli and decreasing podocyte density. Obesity can also contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney damage through hypervolemia, adipokine disorders, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Intrauterine growth restriction can also cause low nephron number that leads to intraglomerular hypertension and hyperfiltration in the available nephrons (Vikse, Irgens, Leivestad, Hallan, & Iversen, 2018). According to the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI), the elderly population is more prone to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) after several renal insults. Exposure to heavy metals, alcohol, and other drugs has linked to constant kidney disease progression (Falodia & Singla, 2013).
Treatment and prevention
You haven’t included nephrectomy anywhere in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. Nephrectomy is the surgical removal of the kidney to treat kidney cancer and other related kidney diseases. Partial and radical nephrectomy can be done to treat chronic renal disease. According to Charytoniuk et al., 2018, partial Nephrectomy is done on the diseased or injured portion of the kidney, and radical nephrectomy includes removing the entire organ together with a section of the tube leading to the bladder. Retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy is, however, more effective in the treatment of chronic kidney disease due to reduced operative time and a shorter Length of stay as compared to trans peritoneal nephrectomy (Paulucci et al., 2018). Good job on your presentation.
Ingrid
References
Chang, A., & Kramer, H. (2013). CKD progression: a risky business. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 27(7), 2607-2609. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfs095
Charytoniuk, T., Małyszko, M., Bączek, J., Fiedorczyk, P., Siedlaczek, K., & Małyszko, J. (2018). Progression to chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing nephrectomy for small renal masses: a price to pay for a therapeutic success? Postgraduate Medicine. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1511211
Falodia, J., & Singla, M. K. (2013). CKD epidemiology and risk factors. Clinical Queries: Nephrology, 1(4), 249-252. doi:10.1016/j.cqn.2012.09.004
Kazancioğlu, R. (2013). Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: an update. Kidney International Supplements, 3(4), 368-371. doi:10.1038/kisup.2013.79
Paulucci, D. J., Beksac, A. T., Porter, J., Abaza, R., Eun, D. D., Bhandari, A., … Badani, K. K. (2018). A Multi-institutional Propensity Score Matched Comparison of Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Partial Nephrectomy for cT1 Posterior Tumors. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. doi:10.1089/lap.2018.0313