NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations-Step -By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Job-related stress is one of the health problems that nurses face in their practice. Nurses are highly predisposed to stress due to the complex nature of the interaction that they have with their environments. The persistent exposure of nurses to complex demands of care in their workplaces predisposes them to chronic stress as well as other pathological problems such as burnout and job dissatisfaction. Persistent exposure to stressful conditions often leads to emotional exhaustion, disengagement and loss of interest in work (Shariatkhah et al., 2017). The effects of job-related stress on nursing and quality of nursing care are documented in studies. Accordingly, stress predisposes nurses to negative health outcomes that include depression, anxiety, and job dissatisfaction. It also increases the risk of high rate of turnover among them, high rates of medication errors and safety issues in healthcare, and high costs of operation. Interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapies are effective in reducing the effects and impacts of job-related stress in nursing (Bagheri et al., 2019). However, its use has not been explored in my practice. Therefore, the purpose of the project is to explore quantitative studies that investigated the use of cognitive behavioral therapies in managing stress among nurses. The PICOT question is, in registered nurses working in the emergency department, does the education on cognitive behavioral therapy reduce job stress when compared to no intervention within 8 months? The significance of the project to nursing is that it will improve safety, quality, and cost-efficiency in patient care.
Background
The studies by Bagheri et al., (2019) and were selected for this review. The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) determined the effects of teaching stress-coping strategies as well as cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress to nurses. The problem that necessitated this study was the limited evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress among nurses. The significance of the study to nursing is that it bridges the gap in evidence on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in job-related stress and burnout. The research question for the project was not stated. It can however be inferred to have been, what is the effects of teaching stress-coping strategies and cognitive behavioral therapy on burnout and stress among nurses? The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) was conducted with the aim of determining the effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on stress experienced by nurses. The nursing problem that informed this study was the high prevalence of job-related stress among nurses with scarcity of evidence on efficacy of cognitive behavioral stress management strategies. The significance of the research to nursing is that it informs the quality improvement interventions that can be used to improve the health and wellbeing of nurses. The research question can be inferred to have been, what are the effects of cognitive behavioral stress management on nurses’ job stress?
How They Support Practice Issue
The articles by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) and Bagheri et al., (2019) answers the PICOT question of the proposed project. The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) investigated the effects of a cognitive-behavioral stress management program on stress among nurses. The study showed that the use of cognitive-behavioral stress management program was associated with a significant decline in the stress levels among nurses. The article therefore answers the PICOT question by showing that the use of cognitive behavioral interventions are effective in reducing stress experienced by nurses in the workplace. The study Bagheri et al., (2019) investigated the effects of group cognitive behavioral therapy and stress-coping strategies on burnout among nurses. The results of the study showed that group cognitive-behavioral therapy and stress coping strategies were effective in reducing burnout and its correlates that included stress among nurses. This study will answer the PICOT question by showing the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing stress among nurses. The interventions and comparison groups in the selected articles also compare to those identified in the PICOT question. The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) used nurses and cognitive behavioral therapy in their investigated. Similarly, the research by Bagheri et al., (2019) investigated the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy using nurses. The focus was on stress among nurses, hence, similarity to the PICOT question.
Methods of the Studies
The selected studies utilized quantitative study designs. The methods used in both studies were the same. Both studies utilized
semi-experimental/quasi-experimental study design to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in stress levels among nurses. The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) used a larger sample size (60 nurses) when compared to that of Shariatkhah et al., (2017) (40 participants). Both studies were also pre and post-test interventional investigations. One benefit associated with semi-experimental study design that were used in the articles is that the studies utilize less resources to undertake it. The study is however associated with the weakness of not utilizing randomization. Randomization affects the reliability and validity of the study outcomes.
Results
The study by Shariatkhah et al., (2017) showed that cognitive behavioral stress management was associated with a significant decline in stress level among nurses. The researchers found that there was a significant reduction in the mean score and standard deviation in stress levels among the nurses post-intervention. The mean score and standard deviation before and after intervention were 3.48 (0.22) and 2.8 (0.2) in the group that received the intervention and 3.48 (0.21) and 3.56 (0.2) in the control group. The study by Bagheri et al., (2019) found that cognitive behavioral intervention and stress-coping strategies were effective in reducing burnout among nurses. The effectiveness of the interventions were maintained after one month of the study. The implications of the two studies on nursing is that cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective intervention that can be used for stress management. Nurses should advocate its use for the promotion of safety and quality in nursing care.
Outcomes Comparison
One of the anticipated outcomes of the PICOT question is the reduction in the level of stress among registered nurses working in the emergency department. The use of cognitive behavioral interventions is expected to reduce the perceived level of stress that nurses experience in their workplace. The other outcome is the nurses developing effecting coping strategies for managing job-related stress. It is also expected that indicators of safety and quality will decline with the implementation of the intervention. The indicators will include the rate of medication errors and adverse events in the emergency department. The implementation of the intervention is also expected to result in an improvement in the level of job satisfaction among nurses. The improvement is anticipated to reduce the costs incurred in the organization due to hiring and retaining new nurses. The anticipated outcomes of the PICOT share close similarities with those reported in the selected articles. Accordingly, the outcomes in the selected articles included the reduction in stress levels and burnout among the nurses. The focus in the PICOT question is also on the reduction in the levels of stress among nurses. Therefore, it is anticipated that the project will provide critical insights into the success and weaknesses of the intervention in improving the mental health and wellbeing of nurses working in the emergency department.
Conclusion
The review of the selected quantitative articles shows that job-related stress is a critical issue in the nursing practice. The use of cognitive behavioral strategies are effective in minimizing the effects of job-related stress among nurses. Cognitive behavioral therapy strategies reduce the levels of stress among the affected nurses as well as its indicators such as burnout. Health organizations should therefore explore the ways in which cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to minimize the negative effects of job-related stress among nurses.
References
Bagheri, T., Fatemi, M. J., Payandan, H., Skandari, A., & Momeni, M. (2019). The effects of stress-coping strategies and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on nurse burnout. Annals of Burns and Fire Disasters, 32(3), 184–189.
Shariatkhah, J., Farajzadeh, Z., & Khazaee, K. (2017). The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management on Nurses’ Job Stress. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(5), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.215683
Sample Answer 2 for NRS-433V Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Nurses are trained to recognize an issue and device ways of addressing the issue based on the nature and scope of that issue. To provide informed solutions, nurses require background information about the issue in question. Qualitative research is crucial in providing the background information due to its informative nature and the fact that it is anchored on empirical research (Green & Thorogood, 2018). Qualitative research data is mostly gathered through recordings in natural settings, questionnaires, and participant observation, which are quality sources. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide article critique of two qualitative articles on childhood obesity.
Article 1
Strauss, W. J., Nagaraja, J., Landgraf, A. J., Arteaga, S. S., Fawcett, S. B., Ritchie, L. D., … & Weber, S. A. (2018). The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: the Healthy Communities Study. Pediatric obesity, 13, 82-92.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12266
Background of Study
This study aimed at evaluating the influence that community-based interventions have on childhood obesity. The study seeks to advance the notion that interventions to minimize childhood obesity rates are not exclusively family-based. The study acknowledges that childhood obesity has become epidemic, but the position of community-based programs and policies (CPPs) in enhancing the outcomes of childhood obesity is underexplored. The study assessed the longitudinal associations between the strength of the community-based initiatives and the body mass index (BMI) of resident children. The implied research question in the study is whether strengthening CPPs is effective in assisting to minimize childhood obesity in a significant way. By presenting the connection between CPPs and the rates of childhood obesity, the study can potentially enhance the nursing practice through identification of steps that can be followed to improve the efficiency of dietary plans at the community level.
Article 2
Luque, V., Escribano, J., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Zaragoza-Jordana, M., Ferré, N., Grote, V. & Gruszfeld, D. (2018). Unhealthy dietary patterns established in infancy track to mid-childhood: the EU childhood obesity project. The Journal of nutrition, 148(5), 752-759.https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy025
Background of Study
This article focuses on unhealthy dietary patterns in childhood and evaluates the general influence of unhealthy eating habits on children. This study is premised on the assumption that dietary habits initiated in infancy plays a role in determining the long-term health of a child and tend to extend into adulthood. Therefore, in an effort by nurses to determine strategies of mitigating childhood obesity, it is advisable for them to consider the association between dietary patterns and the long-term health. The aim of this study was to create awareness on the consequences of unhealthy dietary habits on childhood obesity. The emphasis of this study is to illustrate dietary patterns and predictors while trailing the development among European children within the age range of 1-8 years. The implied research question in this study is whether enhancing the health elements of food can potentially enhance the outcomes and deter advancement of obesity into adulthood.
Taken together, the two articles reveal that childhood obesity is highly prevalent in the current society and the epidemic is attributed to dire health outcomes. This position is also confirmed by other research studies (CDC, 2019; Anderson et al., 2019). Other than the issue of commonness of childhood obesity, the two studies agree on the idea that the interventions to address childhood obesity need to take broad approaches and tailored towards children needs. The proposed dietary interventions focus on the individual needs of the child, which is essential in fast realization of desired outcomes.
How the Articles Support Nursing Practice
The PICOT Question is: In school going children (P), what is the impact of dietary interventions (I) compared with physical activity (C) on minimizing childhood obesity (O) within six months (T)?
Based on the PICOT question, it is evident that the area of interest is the effectiveness of dietary interventions in reducing childhood obesity. Traditionally, physical activity initiatives have been extensively used to prevent childhood obesity by keeping children safe from lifestyle diseases. However, there is need to consider more inclusive programs that can be used both in school and at home. Consequently, the two articles identified explored the role of dietary programs in minimizing childhood obesity.
The PICOT compares two groups, with one subjected to dietary program while the other is subjected to physical activity. The supposition of the PICOT is that physical activity may have certain shortcoming that dietary programs can mitigate and enhance outcomes. Strauss et al. (2018) determined the outcomes of community-based programs on BMI scores in children. The study compared data on dietary programs, physical activity, and behavioral traits for both community and family groups. This comparison is crucial in establishing informed conclusion on variance in dietary programs and other interventions targeting childhood obesity. On the other hand, Luque et al. (2018) conducted comparison on the outcomes of nutritional choices between ‘core foods’ and food flooded with sugar, confectionaries but with low contents of fish, cow milk, and olive oil. The ‘core foods’ contained nutritious products including olive oil, vegetables, red and white meat, and fish but adversely laced with readily consumable sugar and confectionaries.
Study Methods
The first article by Strauss et al. (2018) utilized linear mixed effect models. The models entailed structured interviews to evaluate longitudinal correlation between the intensity of the community-based programs and childhood obesity. The study involved 5,180 children in grades K-486 recruited from 436 schools across diverse communities in the United States. The study also conducted structured interviews among 1421 major informants in the community to assess physical activity and dietary habits. Essentially, a linear mixed-effect model is associated with benefits such as averting false-positive correlations that are common with population structure. Moreover, the model is enhancing rigor in studies that do not have a sample structure. However, the model is prone to internal disconnect.
On the other hand, the second article by Luque et al. (2018) employed the method of exploratory factor analyses that trails patterns through childhood using an approximated general equation model. The study prospectively collected food diaries for three days at various ages while distributing different types of food to distinct groups. The food analysis is advantageous in enabling both objective and subjective data traits, with subjective traits being capable of conversion to scores. However, this method is likely to associate with wide range of attributes without probable reason.
Results of Study
The findings in Strauss et al. (2018) revealed that community-based interventions are effective in reducing childhood obesity rates. The study found an average of 1.4kg/m2 BMI difference between communities with the biggest and lowest observed intensity scores of CPPs when the scores were modified for the level of children and community covariates. There was a huge disparity on the correlation between CPPs and BMI based on factors such as parental education, child grade, family income, and ethnicity/race. The findings revealed that if the intensity of CPPs interventions such as dietary programs can be increased, reduced childhood BMI can be realized. On the other hand, the findings in Luque et al. (2018) indicated that dietary foods loaded with ‘core foods’ were effective in minimizing obesity rates in children aged between one and two years. However, unhealthy fats, added sugar, foods with low content of fish and olive oil had dire consequences in the infancy, with extended into adulthood. Other than childhood obesity, the study also attributed the differences in dietary patterns to disparity in metabolic disease prevalence.
The two studies have significant implications in nursing practice. One, the studies provide guidelines to nurses as key players in change initiates and policy makers in health care delivery. Nurses can adopt these findings and utilize them to promote dietary education and intakes both at home, schools, and community level. In the policy areas, nurses can champion for more support towards programs that focuses on enhancing healthy diets in schools to combat childhood obesity.
Ethical Considerations
Qualitative studies are often associated with ethical challenges such as obtaining of informed consent, which is critical in ensuring respect for the rights and independence of the people. Informed consent is essential in averting threats to participants’ privacy, confidentiality, and dignity (Twining et al., 2017). In both studies, the researchers complied with ethical considerations while carrying out the researches. The participants consent was sought and they were informed of the rationale for conducting the studies. Debriefing, which entails a scenario where participants are given favorable environment to be at ease in expressing their feelings, was also observed in the studies. Taken together, the researchers properly acknowledged the ethical considerations of conducting research. In particular, researchers mostly emphasized on the respect of participants by ensuring their informed consent was sought and protecting their privacy, confidentiality, and autonomy.
References
Anderson, P. M., Butcher, K. F., & Schanzenbach, D. W. (2019). Understanding recent trends in childhood obesity in the United States. Economics & Human Biology, 34, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2019.02.002
CDC. (2019). Childhood Obesity Facts. Overweight & Obesity. Cdc.gov. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html.
Green, J., & Thorogood, N. (2018). Qualitative methods for health research. sage.
Luque, V., Escribano, J., Closa-Monasterolo, R., Zaragoza-Jordana, M., Ferré, N., Grote, V., … & Gruszfeld, D. (2018). Unhealthy dietary patterns established in infancy track to mid-childhood: the EU childhood obesity project. The Journal of nutrition, 148(5), 752-759.https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy025
Strauss, W. J., Nagaraja, J., Landgraf, A. J., Arteaga, S. S., Fawcett, S. B., Ritchie, L. D., … & Weber, S. A. (2018). The longitudinal relationship between community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity and BMI in children: the Healthy Communities Study. Pediatric obesity, 13, 82-92.https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12266
Twining, P., Heller, R. S., Nussbaum, M., & Tsai, C. C. (2017). Some guidance on conducting and reporting qualitative studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.12.002