NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

Walden University NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices– Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices  

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices   

The introduction for the Walden University  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices   

After the introduction, move into the main part of the  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices   

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for  NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

Healthcare policies and procedures help provide standardization and clarity in addressing challenges as well as activities that are crucial for health and safety, legal liabilities, and regulatory needs within every day clinical practice. Two competing needs that affect organizational nursing shortage are workforce satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Healthcare institutions are mostly fixated on patient satisfaction and at times fail to acknowledge the set workforce that provides care to the clients. When the workforce feels unmotivated through aspects such as lack of recognition by the management, then this reflects the probability of provision of low-quality healthcare that leads to patients’ dissatisfaction (Anand & Dwivedi, 2019). When patients are not satisfied, the management may opt to relieve some workers of their duties, others may also leave due to dissatisfaction, and this increases nursing shortage within the organization. The purpose of this paper is to examine relevant policies that may be used in addressing the two competing needs that are related to the issue of nursing shortage as a stressor.

Findings show that religious engagement among students declines during college, but their spirituality shows substantial growth. “Students become more caring, more tolerant, more connected with others, and more actively engaged in a spiritual quest.” (“Cultivating the Spirit – Spirituality in Higher Education”) The authors also found that spiritual growth enhances other outcomes, such as academic performance, psychological well-being, leadership development, and satisfaction with college. The study also identified a number of college activities that contribute to students’ spiritual growth. Some of these–study abroad, interdisciplinary studies, and service learning–appear to be effective because they expose students to new and diverse people, cultures, and ideas. Spiritual development is also enhanced if students engage in “inner work” through activities such as meditation or self-reflection, or if their professors actively encourage them to explore questions of meaning and purpose. (“Cultivating the Spirit – Spirituality in Higher (Alexander W, 2010)”). By raising public awareness of the key role that spirituality plays in student learning and development, by alerting academic administrators, faculty, and curriculum committees to the importance of spiritual development, and by identifying strategies for enhancing that development, this work encourages institutions to give greater priority to these spiritual aspects of students’ educational and professional development.

Relevant Organizational Policy or Practice Impacting Nursing Shortage

Healthcare organizations are required to be innovative in attaining the needs of the workforce, while at the same time ensuring the provision of safe and quality care to the patients. An effective practice to address the issue of nursing shortage as adopted by my organization is the use of the Magnet Certification for assessing the effectiveness and quality of nursing within it (Haddad & Toney-Butler, 2020). My organization can use the policy to remove issues related to competition between the needs of the nurses and patients’ satisfaction (Rodriguez-Garcia et al., 2020). This is because the policy encompasses involvement of nurses in decision-making processes for effective clinical outcomes as well as effective grievance resolution measures. This in turn ensures nurses’ job satisfaction with low rates of turnovers as well as their delivery of top patient outcomes

Ethical Concerns of Magnet Certification

The Magnet Recognition Program for adoption by the organization has sound ethical considerations, and no noteworthy ethical concerns or challenges. The strength of the policy in promoting ethics is founded on the rigorous approach that involves several months of evaluations for evidence of excellence in terms of nurse satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and care outcomes within the given institution (Haller et al.). The documentation strategy for the Magnet Certification Strategy involves transformational leadership, structural empowerment, exemplary professional practice, and new knowledge, innovation as well as enhancements. This is done for purposes of compliance of certification together with ethical considerations
Magnet Program certification necessitates the need for describing the healthcare institution, practice settings for the nurses, and undertakings for upholding patient-centered care, sound ethical considerations, continued EBP research projects, and the Chief Nursing Officer’s (CNO) work description as well as their resume. The aspect of ethics is incorporated within various courses in the program that necessitates addressing social conducts via continued educational research on core cultural behaviors. Every year, mandatory, updated computer-tests are carried out on social conduct alongside ethical content and education is given by leaders to the clinical staff who fail to attain competent scores (Van Bogaert et al., 2018). The program’s robustness in engagement and commitment of the clinical staff in inspiring excellent patient outcomes within every day interdisciplinary practice is overseen through clear frameworks, methodologies as well as resources upheld by governance and policy contexts that attains visible and accountable outcomes.

Recommendation of Policy or Practice Changes for Addressing Competing Needs of Resources, Workers, and Patients

A practice change may be fixated on a change of governance for transparency, accountability, and putting in place effective mechanisms for tackling the challenges. These may include the need for the conflicts arising from the competing needs to be encompassed as a key item within the agendas of relevant committees. This is then followed by making reports on the set needs for attaining the desired outcomes (Harris et al., 2017). There should also be the aspect of quality improvement initiatives within decision-making structures for ensuring a process of review for pinpointing where the issues lie and coming up with effective strategies for addressing them.
Ethical shortcomings that can be tackled within the present policies include autonomy that necessitates for patients to be involved in the decision-making process of healthcare that they receive. Another ethical concern is nonmaleficence that aids in the evaluation of probable harms within the existing clinical systems. The principle of beneficence can also be addressed to ensure the attainment of the objectives of offering as well as inspiring positivity in the realization of the best healthcare outcomes and satisfaction (Ramsom & Olsson, 2017). The ethical consideration of justice can be fulfilled by ensuring a full analysis of the limits of the available healthcare resources within the set healthcare organization.

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Conclusion

Policies within healthcare are crucial as they help devise the overall plans of action utilized in leading required results, and are also key for helping in decision-making. They help create clear communication to the workforce the intended outcomes within the institution. The healthcare personnel is in turn able to comprehend their set roles combined with responsibilities within the settings. They help set the foundation for the provision of safe, and cost-effective care to patients.

Thank you for sharing your thoughts with us. I agree, the nursing shortage is a an extremely important issue that needs resolution. I had not heard of nursing students being given temporary licenses to work prior to reading your post. According to the Indiana Professional Licensing Agency, an executive order was placed in March of 2020 allowing for out-of-state practitioners, retired healthcare professionals, recent graduates, and graduate pharmacists to practice under temporary licenses (Indiana Professional Licensing Agency, n.d.). I suppose, desperate times calls for desperate measures and during the pandemic, this was the case. With so many factors effecting the need of nursing professionals, the problem is sure to persist. Many issues continue to influence the need for healthcare providers such as, cost-containment pressures, hospital consolidation, reduction in inpatient hospitalization, increased acuity of hospital patients, and a shift in outpatient care from hospitals to ambulatory and community-based settings (Peterson, 2001). How do you think we as healthcare providers can contribute to promoting the healthcare profession and helping in times of shortage?

References:

Indiana Professional Licensing Agency. (n.d.). COVID-19 Temporary Healthcare Provider Registry. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https://www.in.gov/pla/covid-19-temporary-healthcare-provider-registry/

Peterson, C. P. (2001). Nursing Shortage: Not a Simple Problem – No Easy Answers. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 6(1). Retrieved from https://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Volume62001/No1Jan01/ShortageProblemAnswers.html

Assignment: Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

Competing needs arise within any organization as employees seek to meet their targets and leaders seek to meet company goals. As a leader, successful management of these goals requires establishing priorities and allocating resources accordingly.
Within a healthcare setting, the needs of the workforce, resources, and patients are often in conflict. Mandatory overtime, implementation of staffing ratios, use of unlicensed assisting personnel, and employer reductions of education benefits are examples of practices that might lead to conflicting needs in practice.
Leaders can contribute to both the problem and the solution through policies, action, and inaction. In this Assignment, you will further develop the white paper you began work on in Module 1 by addressing competing needs within your organization.

To Prepare:

• Review the national healthcare issue/stressor you examined in your Assignment for Module 1, and review the analysis of the healthcare issue/stressor you selected.
• Identify and review two evidence-based scholarly resources that focus on proposed policies/practices to apply to your selected healthcare issue/stressor.
• Reflect on the feedback you received from your colleagues on your Discussion post regarding competing needs.
The Assignment (4-5 pages):
Developing Organizational Policies and Practices
Add a section to the paper you submitted in Module 1. The new section should address the following:
• Identify and describe at least two competing needs impacting your selected healthcare issue/stressor.
• Describe a relevant policy or practice in your organization that may influence your selected healthcare issue/stressor.
• Critique the policy for ethical considerations, and explain the policy’s strengths and challenges in promoting ethics.
• Recommend one or more policy or practice changes designed to balance the competing needs of resources, workers, and patients, while addressing any ethical shortcomings of the existing policies. Be specific and provide examples.
• Cite evidence that informs the healthcare issue/stressor and/or the policies, and provide two scholarly resources in support of your policy or practice recommendations.
• Due to the nature of this assignment, your instructor may require more than 7 days to provide you with quality feedback.

By Day 7 of Week 3

Submit your revised paper.

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

Cost of medication determines whether the patients will be willing to seek healthcare services from an institution or not. The goal of the quadruple Aim is to reduce the cost of education and increase the access to healthcare services by the population. The cost of medication depends on various factors including the changing economic times and the need to increase the number of healthcare providers in an organization. From the business perspective, institutions operate with the aim of making profits. Therefore, in the call for improving the quality of the healthcare services the patients receive, the healthcare institutions may require to increase their staffs and other equipment necessary for efficient operations. Addition of the resources result in the increased cost which must be transferred to the patients who are the consumers. Therefore, the current study explores the conflicting perspective of the mandatory overtime as a way of meeting the needs of the patients without increasing the cost of medication.

Competing Needs

The increasing number of patients in the healthcare institution requires an additional human resource. However, conventionally, the ratio of healthcare providers to the patients have remained low because of the limited resources. Healthcare providers are forced to attend to many patients beyond the standard requirements. Alternatively, the healthcare institution may opt to recruit more staff and this will result in additional costs which may be transferred to what patients pay. Some leaders may opt make full of their current staffing in responding to the rising costs and change in the payment policies by the federal government.

The introduction of the pay-for-value compensation method meant that healthcare institution would improve the quality of healthcare services to the patients (Kominski et al., 2017). Besides, the policy aimed at eliminating all the unnecessary health interventions that could otherwise increase the cost of medication. Furthermore, the hospital institutions are forced to utilize their existing staff accordingly to improve both the quality of care and minimize the treatment costs. Nurses and other healthcare providers may be forced to work for long hours since they have to spend lots of time understanding the need of their patients to meet the quality threshold (Bernstrøm et al., 2019). On the other hand, the increasing number of patients also force them to work overtime. Therefore, the need to lower the cost of medication and at the same time maintain the quality.

Relevant Policy Practice

The healthcare organization introduced the mandatory overtime as a way of dealing with increasing demand for the quality healthcare services as well as maintain the cost low. Eliminating the mandatory overtime means that the institution may have to employ more staff and this will result in additional cost of medication. The nursing staffs are expected to work for about 2 hours extra per day to meet the demand for healthcare delivery. The policy was introduced after recognizing that the nurses and clinicians spent little time with the patients and so did not identify all their needs. As a result, the healthcare providers were required to spend enough time and so they would have to work overtime depending on the patients’ flow. Therefore, all the employees recruited in the organization were made aware of the mandatory overtime requirement whenever requested.

Critique of the Policy

The policy was developed to respond to the need to improve the quality of healthcare services to the patients. The introduction of the pay-for-performance means that the healthcare institutions would be compensated based on the patients outcome and not the services offered. As a result, the institution had to develop an approach of responding to the need without increasing the costs of medication to the patients. Nurses and clinicians would spend more time with their patients and understand all understand the underlying factors that could impact their treatment outcomes and this would lead to better outcomes.

However, exposing the healthcare providers to long-working hours could leads to injuries and emotional exhaustion. Studies have indicated that burnout among the employees in healthcare sector is attributed to the long working hours (Kowalczuk et al., 2020). It is ethically wrong to expose the healthcare providers to health risks with the intention of reducing the medication costs (Moon et al., 2020). The quadruple Aim advocate for both the better outcomes for the patients and improved quality of life for the healthcare providers. Mandatory overtime for the healthcare providers does not improve their quality of life but instead increases their risk of developing burnout.

Furthermore, studies show that fatigued employees are prone of making errors and this means that the patients could suffer more from the medication errors (Salen & Norman, 2018). The policy in the institution is only suitable for short-term goal but destructive in the long-run. All healthcare providers must be treated with dignity and be given enough time for rest. Therefore, while the goal of the policy was to address the issue of rising costs, it could increase the costs because of the frequent recruitment requirement due to high employees’ turnover in the organization. High turnover rates could compromise the quality of the healthcare delivery to the patients farther.

Recommendation

The healthcare organization can use other policies to improve the quality of healthcare services in the organization other than the mandatory overtime. The healthcare institution can introduce the electronic health system that will allow the healthcare providers to interact with their patients virtually and so reduce their need to go to the hospitals. The electronic health system will increase interaction between the healthcare providers and their patients as well as improve the level of patients’ commitment in managing their health (Sprivulis, 2020). Eventually, the pressure to attend to many patients in the hospital will reduce as the quality of treatment improves. In addition, the cost of medication ill improve significantly (Sanyal et al., 2018).

The healthcare providers will work with the community health volunteers in offering the healthcare services to the patients at home. The policy will promote better treatment outcomes which will improve the quality of life for the healthcare providers. Furthermore, the healthcare providers will be motivated to offer their best in interacting with the patients.

Conclusion

The rising cost of medication following the Medicaid and Medicare programs present a significant challenge to the healthcare delivery process. The introduction of pay-for-value compensation aimed at making the medication costs affordable. However, the increase in the number of patients seeking healthcare services exerts a significant pressure on the limited number of healthcare staff. The introduction of the mandatory overtime is one of the ways of ensuring the healthcare providers offer quality services to all patients. However, the policy presents more harm to the healthcare providers’ health. The electronic health systems can be deployed by healthcare institutions to minimize the need for the patients to visit the hospital and improve the treatment outcomes.

References

Bernstrøm, V. H., Alves, D. E., Ellingsen, D., & Ingelsrud, M. H. (2019). Healthy working time arrangements for healthcare personnel and patients: A systematic literature review. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-3993-5

Kominski, G. F., Nonzee, N. J., & Sorensen, A. (2017). The Affordable Care Act’s impacts on access to insurance and health care for low-income populations. Annual Review of Public Health, 38(1), 489-505. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044555

Kowalczuk, K., Krajewska-Kułak, E., & Sobolewski, M. (2020). Working excessively and burnout among nurses in the context of sick leaves. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00285

Moon, S., Mariat, S., Kamae, I., & Pedersen, H. B. (2020). Defining the concept of fair pricing for medicines. BMJ, l4726. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4726

Salen, P., & Norman, K. (2018). The impact of fatigue on medical error and clinician wellness: A vignette-based discussion. Vignettes in Patient Safety – Volume 2. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70712

Sanyal, C., Stolee, P., Juzwishin, D., & Husereau, D. (2018). Economic evaluations of eHealth technologies: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 13(6), e0198112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198112

Sprivulis, P. (2020). Connecting health care through information technology. Patient Safety First, 299-317. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003116677-14

Sample Answer 3 for NURS 6052 Developing Organizational Policies and Practices

Competing needs in healthcare organizations affect their abilities to deal with national health issues or stressors that compromise the quality of care delivery. Employees and leaders compete in healthcare settings based on the need to attain better quality provision and ensure that patients get value for their money, particularly through implementing evidence-based models like value-based care. Nurse burnout is a national health issue because of the adverse effects on nurses, patients, and the entire health care system (Chen et al., 2021). As such, healthcare organizations should evaluate their policies and practices to address nurse burnout while maintaining quality care and ethical standards. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss nurse burnout as a national health issue and the competing needs that hinder organizations from overcoming it. The paper critiques organizational policies on tackling the issue and recommends strategies to balance the competing needs while addressing ethical weaknesses of the current policy.

Competing Needs Leading to Nurse Burnout

Nurses encounter demanding workloads because of low nurse-to-patient ratios, high patient acuity, limited resources and time that reduces charting shorts or breaks, and increased patient needs and assignments. The two critical competing needs identified in this situation include the attainment of proper or appropriate staffing ratios and the need to offer quality care (Chen et al., 2021). Staffing ratios allow organizations to increase their bottom line since private health facilities focus on profit maximization. However, meeting these needs is a challenge for the health care organization that I work for because of the existing nursing shortage. Nurse turnover contributes to a substantial shortage, with figures showing that it will reach close to 400,000 by 2025 (Brown, 2018). Due to the shortage, burnout is bound to surge, exacerbated by the increasing demand for care and the emergence of infectious diseases like the current COVID-19 pandemic. As such, the organization’s leadership needs to develop interventions to address and manage these competing needs of adequate staffing ratio and patient quality care.

Policies/ Practices to Impact Nurse Burnout

The organization has not instituted sufficient policies to address the current issue. However, practices like innovative approaches through staff scheduling exist, but these are standard interventions that do not substantially affect the issue. Having sufficient staffing numbers can reduce stress among employees, lower the prevalence of burnout associated with overburdened working, and create a better work-life balance for nurses. In their study, Kelly and Poor (2018) observed that enhancing employee well-being and ensuring improved patient care requires organizations to have an effective work-life balance. Through this approach, nurses become more engaged, compassionate, healthier, and well-positioned to offer quality care since they are well-rested.

Lowering the nurse-to-patient ratios is one of the most effective ways to address the problem of nurse burnout. The approach allows nurses to have more time for patients and provide holistic care. The organization also implements hourly rounding, enhancing the patient perception of nurses’ responsiveness in units where such may be a challenge. Hourly rounding also reduces patient falls, uses call lights, and enhances patient satisfaction levels and scores (Garcia; Brosinski & Riddell, 2020). Implementing an hourly rounding program is essential for identifying the “most cost-effectiv eapproach.” The implication is that if a facility integrates these strategies and enhances the quality of care without necessarily raising the cost of care or doing budget cuts, it can address the issue of nurse burnout.

Policy Critique

Ethical considerations are essential for effective care delivery, especially in healthcare organizations when dealing with employee issues like nurse burnout. Leaders in organizations need to balance profits and welfare of healthcare workers to alleviate other issues like nursing shortage which increases the susceptibility to adverse conditions like medication errors (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). Ethical awareness implores organizational leaders to consider the overall good of these practices to nurses and their welfare against profits (Milliken, 2018). Purposeful and systematic hourly rounding offers several benefits that include improved patient satisfaction, patient safety, and quality of care. Nurses can recognize any adverse patient event fast and employ corrective interventions (Hutchinson et al., 2018). Patient safety is a core aspect of human dignity, and providers should take all measures to protect patients. Implementation of hourly rounding is based on ethical principles related to the professional code of conduct as advanced by the American Nurses Association (ANA). Ethical considerations implore nurses and the facility administration to embed hourly rounding to enhance patient dignity through harm reduction and attending to all their needs timely.

Recommendation

The need to address nurse burnout and the competing aspects of quality and appropriate nursing ratios implores the organization to adopt evidence-based practice policies. Among these is the Quadruple Aim framework. The model focuses on enhancing patient experience, lowering the cost of care, improving the health of populations, and enhancing the welfare of healthcare workers, especially nurses. The framework allows organizations to focus on patients, nurses, and even the management (Jacobs et al., 2018). Therefore, implementing this approach would offer a host of benefits to tackling the issue of nurse burnout in the facility by addressing nursing ratios and quality of care.

The facility can implement the model through a systematic approach by focusing on current operations and processes to ascertain that they lead to enhanced efficiency. The approach entails evaluating areas where the organization is not performing well (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). The facility can use change models like Lewin’s change process to identify salient aspects to transform in the current practice of hourly rounding. The facility should integrate these components by identifying and using employees as change agents to make the case of enhanced effectiveness. The Quadruple Aim will help the organization enhance quality, address nurse burnout and improve nurses’ welfare.

Conclusion

Competing needs impact the ability of organizations to deliver quality care. Needs like the quality of care and attainment of appropriate patient ratios compete. They require healthcare facilities and their leadership to use effective interventions that result in quality care provision. The use of hourly rounding has ethical considerations based on its benefits and rationale. Implementing the Quadruple Aim framework will enable the facility to address the issue of nurse burnout while tackling the two competing needs of nurse staffing ratios and quality of care.

References

Brown, S. (2018). The Impact of Resiliency on Nurse Burnout: An Integrative Literature

Review. MEDSURG Nursing, 27(6), 349–378.doi:10.1097/JTN.000000

Brosinski, C., & Riddell, A. (2020). Incorporating hourly rounding to increase emergency

department patient satisfaction: A quality improvement approach. Journal of emergency nursing, 46(4), 511-517.DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2019.08.004.

Chen, R., Sun, C., Chen, J. J., Jen, H. J., Kang, X. L., Kao, C. C., & Chou, K. R. (2021). A

large‐scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(1), 102-116.DOI: 10.1111/inm.12796.

Garcia, M. G., Dutton, H., Samuel, K., & Marusich, J. (2021). Purposeful hourly rounding to

decrease peripheral intravenous infiltrations and extravasations in pediatrics. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 59-66.DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.03.009.

Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D., & Wilson, S. (2018). Technical rationality and the decentering of

patients and care delivery: A critique of ‘unavoidable’ in the context of patient harm. Nursing Inquiry, 25(2), e12225.DOI: 10.1111/nin.12225.

Jacobs, B., McGovern, J., Heinmiller, J., & Drenkard, K. (2018). Engaging Employees in Well-

Being: Moving from the Triple Aim to the Quadruple Aim. Nursing Administration Quarterly,(3), 231.DOI: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000303.

Kadivar, M., Manookian, A., Asghari, F., Niknafs, N., Okazi, A., & Zarvani, A. (2017). Ethical

and legal aspects of patient’s safety: a clinical case report. Journal of Medical Ethics & Historyof Medicine, 10(15), 1–5.

Kelly, P., & Porr, C. (2018). Ethical nursing care versus cost containment: Considerations to

enhance RN practice. OJIN: Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 23(1), Manuscript 6.

doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No01-Man06

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing &healthcare:

A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Chapter 1, “Making the Case for Evidence-Based Practice and Cultivating a Spirit of Inquiry”(pp. 7–32).

Milliken, A. (2018). Ethical Awareness: What it is and why it matters. OJIN: Online Journal of

Issues in Nursing, 23(1), Manuscript 1. doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol23No01Man0