NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
In the world of data collection, sampling can be defined as a tool that is used to indicate how much data to collect and how often it should be collected. It defines the samples to take in order to quantify a system, process, issue, or problem. Sampling is used to represent a section of the population data gathered for research and study. It is used to represent a specific member of population to be represented within a study. According to Barratt & Shantikuma (2018), sampling is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based on the results in of a subset of the population, without investigating every individual. Individuals selected are representative of the whole population, making it easier to obtain high quality and balanced information.
In the current island of Guam, it is home to a diverse population and the researchable populations that are present in my area of practice include the high percentage of Chamorro, Filipinos, and Micronesian residents within the population of 170,000. Stratified sampling is one of the more appropriate approaches for my research study because in this method, the population can be divided into subgroups with different measures expected to vary and ensure representation from all groups of population. It is a probability sampling technique in which the total population is divided into homogenous groups or strata to complete a sampling process. The sample selected may be based on several factors such as scale, practicality, and accuracy. I choose this sampling criterion because the studying of health outcomes differs from the different population and is considered proper for an island that has only three hospitals. This results into more realistic, accurate estimation, and reduce chances of bias.
According to Qualtrics (2021), stratified sampling helps analyze a chosen sample population that reflects the groups in the chose
n participant population. One example towards my research study would include demographic studies to determine which population is commonly susceptible to sepsis, if they would benefit with an implementation of a sepsis protocol, and studying their likelihood of being admitted in the intensive care unit. According to an observational research study by Yeun et.al., stratified sampling is the choice of random sampling when deciding whether patients should be admitted in the ICU relative to age, sex, income, and eligibility status (predictive of mortality, co-morbidity, and cognitive function status), and their high risk or low risk sub-groups for ICU triage (diagnosis, medical treatment, inpatient or outpatient).
Stratified sampling advantages include helping analyze differences based on shared characteristics such as race, gender, nationality, level of education, and age group. These sample sizes would then assist in defining the ratio sample so that it is proportionately measured, decreasing overlap, and allows researchers to draw an effective size from each strata or subgroups from different demographic factors (Elfil & Negida, 2017). Also, it would assist in obtaining samples representing the minority/under-represented populations. Some of its disadvantages include increased of selection bias due to holding prior knowledge about population, the random sampling may not accurately represent the full population or the population being represented and this type of sampling strategy may be time consuming.
Reference(s)
Barratt, H & Shantikumar, S. (2018). Methods of sampling from a population. Epidemiology
Health Knowledge Studies. Retrieved from https://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/methods-of-sampling-population
Elfil, M. & Negida, A. (2017). Sampling methods in clinical research: An educational review.
Archives of Academic Emergency Nursing. 5(1). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5325924/
Qualtrics (2021). How to use stratified random sampling to your advantage. Experience
Management Article. Retrieved from https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/research/stratified-random-sampling/
Yuen, K., Hyun, L., Yeon, L., Bo Ram, Y., & Hyun, K. (2019). Survival rates following medical
intensive care unit admission from 2003-2013: An observational study based on representative population based sample cohort of Korean patients. Medicine. 98(37). Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2019/09130/survival_rates_following_medical_intensive_care.22.aspx
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Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
This is insightful; the sampling method is part of the quantitative research methodology that involves the collection of samples from the study population. The samples selected should always be a representation of the population under the study. Stratified sampling is one of the methods that can be used to draw a sample from the population under the study (Lynn, 2019). To address challenges associated with the use of stratified sampling, there is the need; there is need for researchers to identify the right population and develop appropriate tools for data collection (Ureña & Georgiev, 2018). Identifying the homogeneous groups for the research process is also necessary for enhancing the challenges associated with the stratified sampling process. Besides Chamorro and Filipinos, Polynesia and Micronesia may be considered the ideal population of study for the research problem. One of the strengths of the stratified sampling method is greeter precision compared to other methods. One of the main problems associated with the data collection or sampling method is difficulty identifying appropriate strata (Cao & Shen, 2020). Simple random sampling would be the best alternative data collection method in the research.
References
Cao, L., & Shen, H. (2020). CSS: Handling imbalanced data by improved clustering with stratified sampling. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, e6071. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.6071
Lynn, P. (2019). The advantage and disadvantage of implicitly stratified sampling. Methods, data, analyses: a journal for quantitative methods and survey methodology (mda), 13(2), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.12758/mda.2018.02
Ureña, C., & Georgiev, I. (2018, July). Stratified sampling of projected spherical caps. In Computer Graphics Forum (Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 13-20). https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13471
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
In conducting a research study on the prevalence of addiction, I would apply the systematic sampling and data collection approach. The systematic method of data analysis organizes data in a methodical manner (Winsett & Cshion, 2013). For example, studying the rate of heroin addiction among students in a particular university would be necessary to use questionnaires in data collection. Confidential ways of collecting feedback from the questionnaires are used to ensure the answers given are accurate. Systematic counsellors understand that the victims of drug addiction are autonomous and competent persons. The behavior of addicts makes perfect sense to them from their point of view. This humane ideology of the study population lays the basis for rehabilitation (Lempp, 2020).
Ethical challenges may be encountered during the study on addiction. Such challenges manifest as researchers compare studies of drug use across a different population with inhabitants from diverse backgrounds. This challenge is common when forming an exotic capacity for ethical analysis and apparatus for oversight and confidentiality of participants. The susceptibility of participants, communication on freedoms during the study, problems with disclosure, and authentication issues are some of the study’s challenges. Race and language barrier is other obstacles that researchers may encounter in obtaining a sample from this population (United Nations, 2004).
In addressing these challenges, I would draft highly confidential questionnaires. For example, a dropbox may be used by the study population in an institution to drop questionnaires once they have recorded responses. In addition, the questionnaires should not require the participant to fill in their details to maintain anonymity. Before undertaking the study, it would be advisable to explain their rights to privacy and discretion to the participants. In this way, any infringement can lead to legal action. Lastly, the researchers may post the questionnaires in different languages according to the population that is being studied. Another step may involve hiring translators to help the researchers break the language obstacle with participants.
In conclusion, it is essential to understand that systematic counseling is more effective than other methods because it creates a calm environment. Drug dependency victims do not feel the pressure to quit immediately. As a result, its success is attributed to rational decision-making by clients and willingness to change on one’s terms.
References
Lempp, H.P. 2020. Drug Addiction, the Systemic Approach, and the Concept of “Acceptance.” published in Journal of Systemic Therapies Vol. 15, 2/1996, p. 24-35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305187577_Drug_Addiction_the_Systemic_Approach_and_the_Concept_of_Acceptance
United Nations. 2004. Ethical Challenges in Drug Epidemiology: Issues, Principles, and Guidelines. https://www.unodc.org/pdf/gap_toolkit_module7.pdf
Winsett, P.R. & Cashion, K.A. 2013. The Nursing Research Process. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5647190_The_nursing_research_process
Sample Answer 4 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Sampling
Great post! Thank you for sharing valuable information about this week’s discussion topics. Your chosen practice research population- the substance use disorders population is one of the most challenging practice concerns. According to Lu et al. (2023), the prevalence of substance use disorders skyrocketed significantly from 2011 to 2019, particularly among young adults. That can lead to lethal consequences such as deaths related to a drug overdose. Ironically, my nursing practice also provides care and services to individuals who have an addiction and mental health disorders. My nursing practice recently opened a methadone clinic, where I perform mid-level medical practitioner roles such as making the decision for opioid treatment medication for all patients in the Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) and ensuring my organization is following all applications Federal, State, and Local laws and regulations in line with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) variance approval.
Iona, yes, theoretical sampling can be used to collect data on the substance use disorder (SUD) population because it is used in qualitative research where data collection is driven by concepts derived from the evolving theory. This method is beneficial when the study aims to develop a theory grounded in the data. For example, this sampling can explore individuals’ experiences, behaviors, and perceptions of SUD. You can start interviewing a small group of individuals with SUD when they come to your methadone clinic to understand their experiences. As themes and concepts emerge from these initial interviews, you would seek out new participants who can provide further insight into these themes or challenge them to develop a more nuanced understanding. For instance, if initial interviews reveal that social isolation is a common experience among individuals with SUD, the researcher may seek out individuals who have maintained solid social connections despite SUD to understand how they have achieved this. This iterative process continues until the researcher reaches a point of theoretical saturation, where no new insights are being gained. However, it is essential to note that theoretical sampling requires high expertise in qualitative research methods and can be time-consuming. It also may only provide a representative sample of some of the SUD population, depending on your sample population, as the focus is on developing a deep understanding of themes or concepts rather than generalizing to the whole population.
In my practice, I use a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative research, for studying addiction and mental health populations. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of these conditions’ statistical prevalence and personal experiences. For example, qualitative research can explore the reasons why individuals started using substances, the barriers they face in seeking help, and their experiences with different treatment approaches. On the other hand, quantitative research, such as surveys or experiments, can provide measurable data about the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of addiction and mental health issues. This can help to identify patterns and trends and test the effectiveness of different interventions.
Of course, one of the challenges of collecting data from addiction populations is that the subject may leave against medical advice (AMA) because their rights to receive and refuse treatment are protected under the law. Still, other challenges you may face in obtaining sampling from your patient population in general may include but are not limited to stigma, mistrust, and accessibility. The stigma around addiction can make individuals reluctant to participate in research. Mistrust in the healthcare system or research institutions can also be a barrier. Accessibility can be an issue if individuals are institutionalized, homeless, or otherwise hard to reach (such as those who left on AMA). Other challenges are a lack of understanding of poorly executed informed consent, lack of remuneration, and general knowledge of the clinical trial process (Inan et al., 2020).
Various approaches to address these challenges include building trust with potential participants and being transparent about the research’s purpose, ensuring confidentiality, treating them respectfully, and providing incentives, such as compensation or assistance with treatment resources, to encourage participation. In their study, Abdelazeem et al. (2022) found a significant increase in participants’ consent rates and responses when offered even small monetary value incentives.
References
Abdelazeem, B., Abbas, K. S., Amin, M. A., El-Shahat, N. A., Malik, B., Kalantary, A., & Eltobgy, M. (2022). The effectiveness of incentives for research participation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS one, 17(4), e0267534. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267534
Inan, O. T., Tenaerts, P., Prindiville, S. A., Reynolds, H. R., Dizon, D. S., Cooper-Arnold, K., Turakhia, M., Pletcher, M. J., Preston, K. L., Krumholz, H. M., Marlin, B. M., Mandl, K. D., Klasnja, P., Spring, B., Iturriaga, E., Campo, R., Desvigne-Nickens, P., Rosenberg, Y., Steinhubl, S. R., & Califf, R. M. (2020). Digitizing clinical trials. NPJ Digital Medicine, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-0302-y
Lu, W., Lopez-Castro, T., & Vu, T. (2023). Population-based examination of substance use disorders and treatment use among U.S. young adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2011-2019. Drug and alcohol dependence reports, 8, 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadr.2023.100181