NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Working in the critical care setting for about two years now, I can clearly imagine how it feels to be in the shoes of family members who are watching or taking care of their critically ill families; ones that are mechanically ventilated, sedated, and on vasoactive medications. Whenever, I start my shift as an ICU nurse, I always make it a habit to plan how I am going to achieve my patient care goals; which is how to accomplish the most care within a 12 hour shift. Since most of the patients that are admitted in the ICU are critically ill that requires them to be intubated and sedated, I try my best as a nurse to ease their discomfort by promoting plans of care that would help decrease their days of being intubated and sedated. I plan to accomplish these goals through working alongside with other interdisciplinary healthcare team members that play a role in the patient’s daily care .
Moving forward, my colleagues and I who have been working in the ICU for a significant amount of time should be comfortable in handling mechanically intubated and provide plan of care in decreasing the patient length of stay and length of intubation. In the past few months, we are slowly hiring new nurses from different units that want to take up the challenge of becoming an ICU nurse. With this in mind, our nursing educator has brought it to the attention of the nursing management that the new nurses must be comfortable assessing the parameters that verify that a patient is ready to be extubated. This week, our nursing educator has set up educational information about the importance of pairing up spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) with spontaneous awakening trials (SAT) among ventilated patients in the ICU.
One of the most recent research EBP measures that our nurse education has presented to us is to learn the importance of incorporating spontaneous breathing trails partnered up interruption of sedation holidays. The rationale behind this to prevent ventilation assisted pneumonia development, which would further increase their length of stay as well as morbidity and mortality rates. According to AHRQ (2017), SATs and SBTs are associated with reduced length of mechanical ventilations, thereby reducing the ventilator assisted pneumonia, resulting in faster extubating time and
earlier discharge date. Protocols for weaning from sedation and ventilation should be done in a timely manner to optimize outcomes.
The ICU setting is driven by sedation and analgesia as most patients experience pain and stress within their stay. It is also required to ease the discomfort and adaptation of mechanical ventilation. According to Shinotsuka (2013), prolonged sedation with intubation increases delirium rates, longer ICU stays, and increased mortality rate (p.186). Because of this, the evidence practice gap must be addressed because analgesia based goal is commonly a nurse driven protocol; therefore, educational efforts must be addressed to everyone working in the ICU.
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With the current situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare personnel are now becoming more resilient and accepting to new protocols and education towards combating this new pandemic as well as teaching the community. As the burden of critical care services and its down streaming effects of sedation strategies, according to the Massachusetts General Hospital (2020), targeting less sedation overall is associated with improved outcomes in the critically ill mechanically vented patients including morality and overall stays in the ICU. These principles also apply with the management of Covid-19. Also, with the significant rise in the number of patients suffering from Covid-19 and medication shortages; sedation and analgesia should be saved for supporting care among critically ill patients who are reaching moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome to facilitate comfort and ventilator tolerance. Therefore, research of current literature must be implemented in the ICU educational setting determining the risk of sedation balanced with need for lung protection. As a result, daily evaluation of sedation use should be visited among interdisciplinary healthcare teams and pay careful attention to pain and prevention of ICU delirium.
Reference(s):
AHRQ (2017). Spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trial literature review.
AHRQ Safety Program for Mechanically Ventilated Patient Article.16 (17). 18-19. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/tools/mvp/modules/technical/sat-sbt-lit-review.html
Massachusetts General Hospital (2020). Update in sedation and analgesia management in Covid-
19 ARDS. The General Hospital Article.. Retrieved from https://advances.massgeneral.org/pulmonary/article.aspx?id=1393
Shinotsuka, C. (2013). Implementing sedation protocols: Closing the evidence-practice gap.
Scielo Journal. 25(3). 186-187. Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/j/rbti/a/hrpnjPwKdvz6kMQ966J5zVD/?lang=en&format=pdf
Sample Answer 2 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Find your discussion post awesome and informative about the safety and efficacy that pairing of spontaneous awakening and breathing will have on reducing the mortality rate among critically ill patients in ICU. The critically ill patients require sedation and intubation during treatment. Sedation may have a negative effect of causing delirium among the patients (Cain, 2019). Intubation causes discomfort among critically ill patients due to the presence of tubes in the alimentary canal. Thus, the most effective and efficient strategies are necessary to ensure that both sedation and intubation take place for only a short time. Interdisciplinary healthcare team members should work together to increase the effectiveness in the treatment of critically ill patients. I have learned from your post that a health professional’s working experience determines the effectiveness and comfort in handling mechanical intubation and providing a plan of care that focuses on decreasing the length of intubation and stay in the ICU. Thus, new nursing professionals need to work together with the most experienced professionals.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) helps in improving the quality of patient care by helping nurses and other healthcare professionals adopt the most efficient and effective techniques (Paler & Arganza, 2021). EBP will help determine the significance of incorporating spontaneous breathing and interruption of sedation in ICU. New and advanced techniques of patient care will help in reducing the length of stay in ICU and hospital wards. For instance, spontaneous breathing trials and interrupted sedation may reduce the risk of developing ventilation-assisted pneumonia. Depending on sedation and assisted breathing may increase complications that lead to a high mortality rate. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the seriousness of caring for patients, especially critically ill patients. The pandemic increased the complications of the patients suffering from respiratory problems. Thus, nursing professionals should be more careful than before to reduce the mortality rate. EBP is necessary for improving the care in ICU because patients may require advanced care due to the emergency of new complications.
References
Cain, C. (2019). Nurses’ Attitudes About Sedation: An Update. American Journal of Critical Care, 28(4), 264. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2019641
Paler, C. M., & Arganza, C.G. (2021). Evidence-Based Practice: Are Nurses Ready? Journal of Nursing Practice Applications & Reviews of Research, 11(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.13178/jnparr.2021.11.01.1006
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Introduction
Dang et al. (2021) explain that to gain an understanding of how to formulate a vital issue, it is imperative to give a clear and succinct explanation of the problem, as the precision and coherence of the problem statement will determine the actions and decisions that follow. Furthermore, it is said that inquiries that are well-developed are knowledge or problem-based. The difference distinguishes the interdisciplinary team’s direction quite clearly. Information gathering, clinical feedback, gaps in existing practice, and sharing through an EBP lens to reach a consensus.
The topic of opiate overdose (OUD) is important based on the epidemic proportions it has affected. Emergency departments, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities have been impacted significantly by the opioid crisis. It is alleged that medical problems due to opioid addiction accounted for 1.27 million hospital visits in 2014. ER visits rose between 2005 and 2014, but hospital admissions linked to heroin and opioids increased by 64%. With drug treatment programs excluded, these incidents added to insurance costs that surpassed $72 billion.4,5 The expenses of family and child services, the criminal justice system, and labor productivity are only a few of the several additional economic implications that have been found (Clark et al., 2021). Furthermore, the results of the qualitative focus group interviews are supported by Clark et al. (2021), who also emphasize the importance of collaborating with the community and the hospital system to coordinate services.
Problem Statement
How do we increase services in the community to make Narcan more accessible on a global level?
Hypothesis and Study Variables
Hypothesis: It is further postulated that pharmacies are less likely to carry naloxone in stock in neighborhood pharmacies with higher rates of poverty, racial and ethnic minority population proportions, and overdose deaths.
Study Variables: In the US, communities of color, those from lower socioeconomic status, and rural areas continue that are disproportionately affected by the ongoing opioid overdose problem. Poorer access to life-saving drugs like naloxone, which is best known by the brand name Narcan and can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose, is a major reason why marginalized and minority communities are unduly affected by opioid overdoses, even though many complex, multifaceted, racial, and socioeconomic factors contribute to these health disparities.
A dependent variable exists for the dates between 2000 and 2020 which represents the number of annual opioid deaths increased from 54 to 655 per year. The trend is escalating; between 2019 and 2020 alone and the number of deaths increased by 53 percent despite the independent variable of funding that has been allocated to fight the opioid epidemic (2023 Session Fact Sheets – Legislative, 2023, p. 185). Furthermore, 2023 Session Fact Sheets that were published by the Opiate Epidemic Response Advisory Council (OERAC) established in 2019 by the Legislature to create and execute a thorough, statewide initiative aimed at tackling opiate addiction and overdose in Minnesota (2023, p. 185). This council advises DHS on where funding, which would be the independent variable should be prioritized and collaborates with DHS to establish quantifiable results that evaluate the effectiveness of allocated funds and global distribution in combating the epidemic. Members of the council consist of legislators, healthcare professionals, supporters, county, and tribal delegates, as well as state agency personnel.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations shape the research that is being conducted and the risks and benefits are weighed. The federal government lists the necessity of informed consent, documentation of informed consent, and institutional review of the research (Faan & Grove, 2020). Furthermore, consideration for cognitive abilities, socioeconomic status, race, gender, age, anonymity, reduction of harm, non-bias, use of animals, and falsification of the research being conducted.
Importance in Nursing Practice
The articles I reviewed consistently emphasized the importance of overcoming obstacles through harm reduction. I was previously unaware of the extensive involvement of various entities such as the World Health Organization (WHO), legislatures, local and federal authorities, policies, funding, and ongoing quality improvement indicators. It is reassuring to know that there are established facilities globally, equipped with trained personnel and firsthand knowledge of the community. However, the data indicates a provisional increase of over 30% in 2020, surpassing 70,000 cases in 2019 (Marshall et. al., 2021). Across all the articles, a prominent theme emerges the endorsement of Narcan distribution to reach individuals at risk. This is particularly crucial considering the availability of funds globally and the existing infrastructure, which can help mitigate the escalating number of daily overdoses.
The implications in nursing practice would be unequivocal with increased awareness and distribution of Narcan on a global level. It would reduce trips to the ER, fill the gap in practice with EB data, decrease societal disparities, and community cohesiveness, prevention of death, blood-borne pathogens, and STIs not to mention the monumental financial burden on society. The opioid epidemic has the attention of global leaders in medicine as well as appropriated funding. Becoming involved locally with the legislature on a local and state level would be my initial start of advocating. The advocacy needs to reach all of the funded programs such as needle exchange facilities, MAT programs, police stations, firehouses, homeless shelters, schools, colleges, local and state facilities, and all operating pharmacies. The cost of Narcan could be negotiated at a free or extremely reduced cost to immerse the epidemic on a global level.
References
2023 Session Fact sheets – Legislative. (2023). Minnesota Department of Human Services. https://mn.gov/dhs/media/fact-sheets/2023-session-fact-sheets.jsp
Clark, A., Lanzillotta-Rangeley, J., & Stem, J. (2021). “If you could wave a magic Wand”: Treatment barriers in the rural Midwest. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 15, 117822182110533. https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218211053343
Dang, D., Dearholt, S., Bissett, K., Whalen, M., & Ascenzi, J. (2021). Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth edition: Model and Guidelines. SIGMA Theta Tau International.
Faan, J. R. G. P. R., & Grove, S. K. (2020). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence. Elsevier.
Marshall, B. D. L., Alexander‐Scott, N., Yedinak, J. L., Hallowell, B. D., Goedel, W. C., Allen, B., Schell, R. C., Liu, Y., Krieger, M. S., Pratty, C., Ahern, J., Neill, D. B., & Cerdá, M. (2021). Preventing Overdose Using Information and Data from the Environment (PROVIDENT): protocol for a randomized, population‐based, community intervention trial. Addiction, 117(4), 1152–1162. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15731
Sample Answer 3 for NURS 8201 Discussion: Starting the Research Process
Introduction
Millions of patients meet with their primary care provider yearly. The most common reason why an individual will meet with their primary care provider however, is due to back pain. Casiano et al (2023) state that $200 billion is spent annually on treating back pain, not including the amount of time these patients are missing work and the productivity that is missed due to this time off of work. While there are many different treatments for back pain, most often patients are not aware of all of the options to help them. With this project, I am proposing education for patients with chronic back pain on the various modalities of treating the pain while avoiding narcotics. These treatments include yoga, physical therapy, and over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol and Ibuprofen. Long-term narcotics should not be used for the treatment of chronic pain because it can lead to dependence and tolerance leading to the need for more narcotics to be prescribed.
Proposed Research Problem Statement
The problem that this research will address is how to educate patients with chronic back pain on treatment options that do not include chronic narcotics. These treatments include yoga, physical therapy, and over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol, ibuprofen, and topical agents such as Voltaren cream. Providing this education will help patients to treat their chronic back pain without relying on chronic narcotic medications.
Study Variables
The study variables to be considered would be the eligibility criteria and the exclusion criteria. Patients would have to be suffering from chronic pain to qualify. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2023) defines chronic back pain as pain that has been lasting for 12 weeks or longer. The study will include both males and females aged 40-80 who are diagnosed with chronic back pain. This age range has been chosen because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) reported that 35.2% of 30-44-year-olds, 44.3% of 45-64-year-olds, and 45.6% of those aged 65+ all report that they suffer from chronic back pain. These ages report the highest incidence of chronic back pain. Patients that will be excluded from the study include those who have recently gotten surgery, those who are pregnant, and anyone who is not in the 40-80 age range.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis is that patients who are educated on the various resources to treat chronic back pain and the dangers of long-term narcotic usage will utilize this education to participate in yoga and physical therapy and use over-the-counter medications to help treat their chronic back pain.
Ethical Considerations
The only ethical consideration that I can think of for this project would be that I currently work in Ambulatory Neurosurgery where we will operate on patients who are presenting with pain. I am passionate about this project because there are many patients that we are not able to offer surgery to who are still having chronic pain. These treatments should help treat the pain that they are experiencing.
Why Addressing Chronic Back Pain Education Will Bring a Positive Nursing Practice Change
Educating patients with chronic back pain will lead to fewer patients on chronic narcotics. The education will be on the dangers of narcotic medication, treatment for chronic back pain such as yoga and physical therapy, and over-the-counter medications such as Tylenol, ibuprofen, or topical agents. Yoga and Physical therapy are very low-risk-high-reward treatment modalities for these patients. There are very few side effects from Yoga and Physical therapy. Research done by Kim (2020) showed that a 12 week Yoga program helped to reduce chronic back pain by 41% in individuals. There has also been research done to show that core muscles are related to helping keep the spine straight and strong. By strengthening core muscles, patients reported a decrease in their back pain (Kim and Yim, 2020). By addressing the chronic back pain that millions of patients suffer from with proper education, it help to reduce the amount of visits to a primary care provider and get more patients back to work.
References
Casiano, V., Sarwan, G., Dydyk, A., & Varacallo, M. (2023). Back Pain. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538173/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, December 7). Products – Data Briefs – Number 415 – July 2021. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db415.htm
Kim, B., & Yim, J. (2020). Core Stability and Hip Exercises Improve Physical Function and Activity in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 251(3), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.251.193
Kim, S.-D. (2020). Twelve Weeks of Yoga for Chronic Nonspecific Lower Back Pain: A Meta-Analysis. Pain Management Nursing, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2020.07.002
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2023, March 8). Back Pain | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Www.ninds.nih.gov. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/back-pain