Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case

Grand Canyon University Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  

After the introduction, move into the main part of the Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for Should We Withhold Life Support? The Mr. Martinez Case  

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Withholding Life Support: Mr. Martinez Case

People’s life and health depend on how various body organ functions. If vital organs such as lungs and kidneys fail to meet the required functioning threshold, the chances of dying increase. In some cases, when death is imminent, life support is applied to substitute the functions of vital organs artificially. The primary role of life support is to increase patients’ chances of recovering independently by buying time. Although this technique has some benefits, it is among the most controversial due to its use’s moral issues. This paper discusses Mr. Martinez case while focusing on critical areas relevant to his case, including patient’s directives, quality of life, preferences, moral issues, and ethical principles considered in decision making.

Patient’s Directives

End-of-life care remains a controversial issue due to the need to respect patients’ preferences. In this case study, Mr. Martinez had given a directive not to be put under cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if the situation prompted its requirement. Unfortunately, his oxygen was inadvertently turned up, causing respiratory failure. The situation implies that death is inevitable, and the only rational way of enhancing recovery is life support. Failure to respect the patient’s directive implies that the care process is not evidence-based. According to Melnyk (2018), evidence-based practice integrates clinical expertise, research evidence, and patients’ preferences in health practice. Always, it is crucial to consider patients’ preferences about their health irrespective of the situation.

The Patient’s Quality of Life

From a health perspective, health care organizations should enhance patients’ safety as much as possible. The interventions used should be based on patients’ conditions, to improve their quality of life. Mr. Martinez case study shows that his life is at risk. There was an expectation that he would do well under antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen. Unfortunately, the accidental turning up of oxygen puts him at risk of respiratory failure. Considering that he is in terrible distress and gasping for breath, interventions used should improve the quality of life while reasoning with the family about the most rational way forward.

Family’s Stated Preferences

When deciding critical health matters such as end-of-life support, advance directives cannot be overlooked regardless of the patient’s condition. Omondi et al. (2017) posited that the advance directive allows patients to document their health care decision plans in advance if they get terminally ill or experience a condition requiring life support. As they make such decision

s, families play a vital role as proxies. Families advise health care providers about the patient’s care preference, and the same case applies to Mr. Martinez’s situation. Together with his wife, Mr. Martinez preferred CPR not to be performed on him. Since he is in a situation where he cannot make an independent decision, health care providers should respond as the wife directs.

Moral Issues Associated with Limiting Life Support

Life support is morally contentious since people splitting over the issue defend their stances passionately. When initially introduced, life support techniques were viewed as lifesaving and were supported a lot. Life support helps to sustain life longer, giving opportunities for hope and solutions. Despite giving critically ill patients a chance to prolong life and recover, life support is generally a method of prolonging suffering (Mercadante et al., 2018). It is morally wrong to prolong someone’s suffering, particularly in situations where they have not consented. In the same case, it is unethical to use medical resources injudiciously. Medical resources should be used for the right reasons and equitably, and using them to prolong suffering violates this principle.

Ethical Principles to Reach an Ethically Sound Decision

Despite the family’s stance and other moral obligations, a decision for the good of Mr. Martinez must be made. To ensure that the outcome does not cause ethical issues, several ethical principles serve as the basis for decision-making. The first principle is autonomy. Here, and as preserved in the Federal Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA), patients have a right to autonomously give directions regarding their end-of-life treatment choices (Teoli & Ghassemzadeh, 2019). Accordingly, the decision made must consider Mr. Martinez’s will and its impact on the quality of life. The second ethical principle is beneficence. Physicians should perform their duties rightfully as they ensure that patients and families are adequately informed about the benefits and drawbacks of a treatment option. Physicians should be guided by the deontology theory, which recommends doing what benefits the patient the most (Karnik & Kanekar, 2016). The third important principle is the rationing of care and futile treatment. It is irrational to stick to a treatment option that will be financially and emotionally burdening to patients and their families.

In conclusion, despite all people being mortal, it is vital to prevent death if possible. Life support technologies are among the medical interventions with profound impacts on people’s health. Although their value cannot be questioned, life support technologies spark heated debates due to ethical concerns associated with their use. Before making any decision, like in Mr. Martinez case, it is crucial to consider the patient’s preference. Autonomy should be respected while considering other principles, such as beneficence and futile treatment.

 

References

Karnik, S., & Kanekar, A. (2016). Ethical issues surrounding end-of-life care: a narrative review. In Healthcare (Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 24). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. doi:10.3390/healthcare4020024

Melnyk, B. M. (2018, Oct 26). Why choose evidence-based practice?. AANP. https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/why-choose-evidence-based-practice

Mercadante, S., Gregoretti, C., & Cortegiani, A. (2018). Palliative care in intensive care units: why, where, what, who, when, how. BMC anesthesiology, 18(1), 1-6. https://bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12871-018-0574-9

Omondi, S., Weru, J., Shaikh, A. J., & Yonga, G. (2017). Factors that influence advance directives completion amongst terminally ill patients at a tertiary hospital in Kenya. BMC palliative care, 16(1), 1-11. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12904-017-0186-z

Teoli, D., & Ghassemzadeh, S. (2019). Patient self-determination act. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538297/

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Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.

Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?

Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.

Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.

If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.

I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.

As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:

Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.

Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

Important information for writing discussion questions and participation

Welcome to class

Hello class and welcome to the class and I will be your instructor for this course. This is a -week course and requires a lot of time commitment, organization, and a high level of dedication. Please use the class syllabus to guide you through all the assignments required for the course. I have also attached the classroom policies to this announcement to know your expectations for this course. Please review this document carefully and ask me any questions if you do. You could email me at any time or send me a message via the “message” icon in halo if you need to contact me. I check my email regularly, so you should get a response within 24 hours. If you have not heard from me within 24 hours and need to contact me urgently, please send a follow up text to

I strongly encourage that you do not wait until the very last minute to complete your assignments. Your assignments in weeks 4 and 5 require early planning as you would need to present a teaching plan and interview a community health provider. I advise you look at the requirements for these assignments at the beginning of the course and plan accordingly. I have posted the YouTube link that explains all the class assignments in detail. It is required that you watch this 32-minute video as the assignments from week 3 through 5 require that you follow the instructions to the letter to succeed. Failure to complete these assignments according to instructions might lead to a zero. After watching the video, please schedule a one-on-one with me to discuss your topic for your project by the second week of class. Use this link to schedule a 15-minute session. Please, call me at the time of your appointment on my number. Please note that I will NOT call you.

Please, be advised I do NOT accept any assignments by email. If you are having technical issues with uploading an assignment, contact the technical department and inform me of the issue. If you have any issues that would prevent you from getting your assignments to me by the deadline, please inform me to request a possible extension. Note that working fulltime or overtime is no excuse for late assignments. There is a 5%-point deduction for every day your assignment is late. This only applies to approved extensions. Late assignments will not be accepted.

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Plagiarism is highly prohibited. Please ensure you are citing your sources correctly using APA 7th edition. All assignments including discussion posts should be formatted in APA with the appropriate spacing, font, margin, and indents. Any papers not well formatted would be returned back to you, hence, I advise you review APA formatting style. I have attached a sample paper in APA format and will also post sample discussion responses in subsequent announcements.

Your initial discussion post should be a minimum of 200 words and response posts should be a minimum of 150 words. Be advised that I grade based on quality and not necessarily the number of words you post. A minimum of TWO references should be used for your initial post. For your response post, you do not need references as personal experiences would count as response posts. If you however cite anything from the literature for your response post, it is required that you cite your reference. You should include a minimum of THREE references for papers in this course. Please note that references should be no more than 5 years old except recommended as a resource for the class. Furthermore, for each discussion board question, you need ONE initial substantive response and TWO substantive responses to either your classmates or your instructor for a total of THREE responses. There are TWO discussion questions each week, hence, you need a total minimum of SIX discussion posts for each week. I usually post a discussion question each week. You could also respond to these as it would count towards your required SIX discussion posts for the week.

I understand this is a lot of information to cover in 5 weeks, however, the Bible says in Philippians 4:13 that we can do all things through Christ that strengthens us. Even in times like this, we are encouraged by God’s word that we have that ability in us to succeed with His strength. I pray that each and every one of you receives strength for this course and life generally as we navigate through this pandemic that is shaking our world today. Relax and enjoy the course!

Hi Class,

Please read through the following information on writing a Discussion question response and participation posts.

Contact me if you have any questions.

Important information on Writing a Discussion Question

• Your response needs to be a minimum of 150 words (not including your list of references)
• There needs to be at least TWO references with ONE being a peer reviewed professional journal article.
• Include in-text citations in your response
• Do not include quotes—instead summarize and paraphrase the information
• Follow APA-7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed

Participation –replies to your classmates or instructor

• A minimum of 6 responses per week, on at least 3 days of the week.
• Each response needs at least ONE reference with citations—best if it is a peer reviewed journal article
• Each response needs to be at least 75 words in length (does not include your list of references)
• Responses need to be substantive by bringing information to the discussion or further enhance the discussion. Responses of “I agree” or “great post” does not count for the word count.
• Follow APA 7th edition
• Points will be deducted if the above is not followed
• Remember to use and follow APA-7th edition for all weekly assignments, discussion questions, and participation points.
• Here are some helpful links
• Student paper example
• Citing Sources
• The Writing Center is a great resource