NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health-Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Discuss the role of the Institutional Review Board. Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health. How are respect for the persons, potential benefits and burdens of the research, and justice kept in balance? Provide an example.
Sample Answer for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
Under FDA regulations, an Institutional Review Board is group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects. The purpose of IRB review is to assure, both in advance and by periodic review, that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research.
To accomplish this purpose, IRBs use a group process to review research protocols and related materials (e.g., informed consent documents and investigator brochures) to ensure protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects of research (FDA, n.d). NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
From a public health perspective, it is important to recognize an ethical standard that respects community autonomy. This standard can be achieved by requiring community collaboration (ie, at a minimum, establishing a community advisory board) to protect against exploiting vulnerable populations, to ensure fair terms of cooperation, to ratify that the interventions to be tested are acceptable to community members, and to minimize potential misunderstandings about the research.
Such community advisory boards should have responsibility for determining whether the research goals are valuable to local community members and the methods are acceptable before the research is allowed to proceed (Buchanan & Miller, 2006).NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
In this era of translational research, social injustice is one of the crucial ethical concerns. Resource-rich countries conducting translational medical research in resource-poor countries are common and if the results of the research are not expected to be beneficial/less beneficial to the resource-poor country, then arises the issue of social injustice and disparity. Examples include research undertaken on diseases that are rare or the resulting intervention/product is too expensive to implement, in developing countries (Mandal et al., 2017).
References
Buchanan, D. R., & Miller, F. G. (2006). A public health perspective on research ethics. Journal of medical ethics, 32(12), 729–733. https://doi.org/10.1136/jme.2006.015891
Mandal, J., Ponnambath, D. K., & Parija, S. C. (2017). Ethics of translational medical research. Tropical parasitology, 7(2), 62–64. https://doi.org/10.4103/tp.TP_47_17
FDA (n.d). Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Protection of Human Subjects in Clinical Trials. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/center-drug-evaluation-and-research-cder/institutional-review-boards-irbs-and-protection-human-subjects-clinical-trials
Sample Answer 2 for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
I agree with you that it the institutional review board (IRB) is mandated to carry out assessment and standardization of any biomedical or biotechnological research that works with human subjects. One of the key pillars considered by the IRB is the autonomy of the subjects. It is imperative to have a research framework that is built on community engagement and participation at free will without coercion or intimidation (Das & Sil, 2017). NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
The information shared to the subjects should be truthful and no crucial information should be obstructed or hidden from them. Additionally, the research project should be of general good and valuable to the entire pubic. Clinical trials procedure should be strictly adhered to and the human trials should only be used at the appropriate stage and only on volunteers who have not been pushed to take part because of being taken advantage of or being paid in order to take part. It should be out of their self-consciousness and willingness (Landray et al., 2017).
References
Landray, M. J., Bax, J. J., Alliot, L., Buyse, M., Cohen, A., Collins, R., Hindricks, G., James, S. K., Lane, S., Maggioni, A. P., Meeker-O’Connell, A., Olsson, G., Pocock, S. J., Rawlins, M., Sellors, J., Shinagawa, K., Sipido, K. R., Smeeth, L., Stephens, R., & Stewart, M. W. (2017). Improving public health by improving clinical trial guidelines and their application. European Heart Journal, 38(21), 1632–1637. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx086
Das, N., & Sil, A. (2017). Evolution of ethics in clinical research and ethics committee. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 62(4), 373.
Sample Answer 3 for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
Unfortunately, many countries including the United States have conducted unethical clinical trials in the past and because of that, we have implemented policies and regulations to keep human participants safe. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) was implemented to keep safeguards in place for these clinical trials. They have three basic ethical principles to stand by; respect for person, beneficence, and justice (Qiao, 2018).
Respect for persons is kept in balance by ensuring patient autonomy.
This is where informed consent comes to play. Patients need to be fully informed about the trial they are participating in, including requirements expected of the patient and any adverse effects the patient may experience. They have to voluntary agree to participate in the trial and be informed that they can choose to drop out of the trial at any time (Pietrzykowski & Smilowska, 2021). NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
The beneficence is focused on protecting the patient or study participant (Qiao, 2018). Ensuring patient safety is at utmost importance during every step of the trial. Justice will be kept in balance by ensuring equity. Health equity has been a hot topic recently where many of the minority population may not have access to clinical trials or the knowledge to be comfortable with becoming a participant.
Sample Answer 4 for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
The Institutional Review Board (IRB) assures that “appropriate steps appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research” (U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 2019). Ethical guidelines in research govern the planning and execution of the study. The population health-specific principles might change. Among them is anonymity, when researchers are unaware of the individual’s identity. There is no collection of personally identifying information: the participants’ identities are kept confidential by the researchers while being known to the rest of the team; Before deciding whether or not to join, participants must provide their informed permission after being given information about the goal, advantages, risks, and financing of the research.
The principles of beneficence, respect, and justice serve as the foundation for research ethics, as shown by Fine et al. (2020). To put these principles into practice, one needs to consider informed consent, confidentiality and anonymity, risk-benefit assessment, and fair hiring. Ethical concerns should be addressed throughout the research process, from planning to carry out experiments to disseminating the findings to maintain a healthy balance. In research, ethical issues are equally as crucial as scientific issues.
One of the fundamental tenets of treating people with respect is to recognize them as independent, unique, and free beings. Respect guarantees that someone’s dignity is respected. People should have the freedom to decide for themselves and have access to the information they need to do so. This involves upholding the confidentiality of their personal information and defending their right to privacy. It also recognizes their ability to modify their opinions, determine whether the research is not to their most significant advantage, and withdraw without facing the consequences.
Future generations stand to gain, as well as the current population, from the possible advantages. Research improves treatments and services. On the other hand, burdens are decreased by using strategies consistent with sound research design.
For example, potential advantages assist in creating novel diagnostic tools, therapies, and procedures that might one day benefit kids. They might get the care that is now unavailable to the broader population. Patients are not placed at unnecessary risk by burdens, and wherever practical, procedures already being performed on the patients for diagnostic or therapeutic objectives are utilized.
The first step in guaranteeing research fairness is choosing participants based on the needs of the study as opposed to convenience. For instance, inclusion and exclusion criteria must be clearly defined in the study procedure and followed to guarantee that participants have equal opportunities. Constant consideration must be given to the well-being of participants as both persons and communities (Fleming & Zegwaard, 2018). The privacy, rights, and safety of these participants supersedes all other factors. Therefore ethics also applies to the validity and methods of the study.
References
Fine, C., Sojo, V., & Lawford‐Smith, H. (2020). Why does workplace gender diversity matter? Justice, organizational benefits, and policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 14(1), 36-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sipr.12064
Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. (2018). Methodologies, methods and ethical considerations for conducting research in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19(3), 205-213. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1196755.pdf
U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2019). Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and protection of human subjects in clinical trial. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/center-drug-evaluation-and-research-cder/institutional-review-boards-irbs-and-protection-human-subjects-clinical-trials
Sample Answer 5 for NUR 550 Topic 3 DQ 2 Discuss ethical research considerations specific to population health
Institutional Review Board is a group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects. In accordance with FDA regulations, an IRB has the authority to approve, require modifications in (to secure approval), or disapprove research. This group review serves an important role in the protection of the rights and welfare of human research subjects. The role of the Institutional review board review is to assure, both in advance and by periodic review, that appropriate steps are taken to protect the rights and welfare of humans participating as subjects in the research. To accomplish this purpose, IRBs use a group process to review research protocols and related materials (e.g., informed consent documents and investigator brochures) to ensure protection of the rights and welfare of human subjects of research (https://www.fda.gov, n.d.2021).
In practice, population health is best understood by analyzing the design and implementation of the discrete population health programs (PHPs) undertaken by health care organizations and others for its sake. Widely recognized ethical principles—non-maleficence (do no harm) and beneficence (acting in patients’ best interests), respect for persons, and justice—can help identify the ethical concerns that could arise in the design and implementation of PHPs (Decamp; et al,2018)
Non-maleficence requires that physicians ensure PHPs cause no harm to patients. Beneficence requires physicians to support PHPs that benefit patients. In practice, the lines between harmful, non-beneficial, and beneficial effects of PHPs for individual patients may blur. PHPs could improve a population’s overall health while resulting in unintended non-beneficial or even harmful individual consequences. For instance, implementing a standard colorectal cancer screening metric with an age cutoff of 75 years—as might be done with an electronic health record pop-up reminder—appears to have been associated with underscreening of healthy individuals over age 75 and over screening of unhealthy individuals under age 75 (Decamp; et al,2018).
Respect for patient preferences and cultural differences must be included in the design and use of PHPs in ways that are evidence based which align with physician ethical responsibilities. This includes choices related to language, educational materials, and community intervention programs. For example, post-discharge care programs that accommodate cultural differences are more respectful (and probably more effective at preventing readmissions) (Decamp; et al,2018).
Both distributive justice (i.e., questions of resource distribution, such as fairly allocating organs for transplantation) and procedural justice (i.e., fair decision processes) must be considered in an ethical analysis of PHPs. Distributive justice consensus requires PHPs to proactively address distributional inequities in the burdens and benefits programs entail. (i.e., questions of resource distribution, such as fairly allocating organs for transplantation). Procedural justice (i.e., fair decision processes) must be considered in an ethical analysis of PHPs. Procedural justice means that fair decision processes should govern individual and corporate deliberations. Ethically, it requires creating opportunities to engage patients in their own care and in health care organizational decision-making (e.g., as patient members of organizational quality improvement committees or via patient and family advisory councils, PFACs) (DeCamp; et al,2018).
References:
Decamp, M., Pomerantz, D., Cotts, K., Dzeng, E., Farber, N., Lehmann, L., Reynolds, P. P., Sulmasy, L. S., & Tilburt, J. (2018). Ethical Issues in the Design and Implementation of Population Health Programs. Journal of general internal medicine, 33(3), 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4234-4
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and Protection of Human Subjects in Clinical Trials, https://www.fda.gov(n.d.2021).