NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
Chamberlain University NR 503 Week 3: Current Event– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Chamberlain University NR 503 Week 3: Current Event assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Chamberlain University NR 503 Week 3: Current Event depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
The introduction for the Chamberlain University NR 503 Week 3: Current Event is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NR 503 Week 3: Current Event assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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Sample Answer for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
Zaire ebolavirus is a filovirus with five subspecies (Bundibugyo, Zaire, Restone, Tai Forest, and Sudan) with a case fatality ratio of 25-90% (Barry et al, 2018). It is transmitted through contact with the body fluids of infected patients (CDC, 2018). The way of stopping the transmission is by patient isolation and care, early diagnosis, infection control, rigorous tracking of contacts, and the use of targeted vaccination.
On May 3, 2018, the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo was notified from the Health Division of Equateur Providence that 40 cases of fever (95%) with gastrointestinal symptoms, general fatigue (37 [90%] cases), loss of appetite (37 [90%]), and hemorrhagic signs (14 [33%] people) were occurred including 17 deaths due to possible Ebola virus (Barry et al, 2018). These data were collected by health professionals attending to cases and field investigators. On May 8, 2018, the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported 50 cases (13 probable, 37 confirmed) of Ebola virus disease in Equateur Province where is connected to the capital city (Barry et al, 2018). In order to confirm the cases, detection of Ebola virus RNA in body fluids or blood by reverse transcription PCR was required and used. Since the affected area is concentrated with high population, this outbreak is the highest and complex risk ever experienced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On May 20, 2018, 25 deaths from Ebola virus disease had been reported (Barry et al, 2018). In addition, they also reported that 1,458 contacts had been reported and addition 78 cases were confirmed, assuming heterogeneous transmissibility (Barry et al, 2018). The median age of people with probable or confirmed infection was 40 years and usually male (30 [60%]) (Barry et al, 2018).
The design of the study is an epidemiological study with the case-controlled group since it studied people that have already contracted the disease. This study also reviewed published epidemiological evidence about clinical characteristics of Ebola virus disease and contrasted the results of past outbreaks. The aim of this study was to investigate and control the current Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The results showed that the epidemiological characteristics and features of this outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, such as signs and symptoms of cases were consistent with previous outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in West Africa(Barry et al, 2018). It also reported that the most common exposures were caused by contact with infected people and participation in traditional burial rites for those who have died from this disease. The source of this outbreak is unknown; however, it’s possible that a new chain of transmission could occur after sexual contact with a male survivor (CDC, 2018). In addition, the case fatality ratio was higher than when this outbreak occurred in West Africa from 2014 to 2016 (Barry et al, 2018). Since West Africa has greater access to Ebola treatment, the case fatality ratio was decreased. The article concluded the study with the importance of safe and dignified burials, community engagement, early detection, and implementation of Ebola treatment along with vaccination for outbreak control (Barry et al, 2018).
As the reader, I believe that this article was informative and written thoroughly with analytical data and literature reviews. The average reader would find this information useful since it’s easy to understand and follow without a lot of medical terminologies. The article is also reliable and credible by showing the author’s information on the article. The writer also believes that the article didn’t leave out any important information. The article will influence when the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo reinforces the implementation of Ebola treatment and vaccination at community clinics, local hospitals, and public health centers since the study results show high mortality and fatality rate of Ebola virus disease.
Barry, Ahmadou et al. (2018). Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, April–May 2018: An epidemiological study. The Lancet, 392 (2) 213-221, doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31387-4
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). 2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bikoro. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/drc/2018-may.html
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Sample Answer 2 for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
A 2005 study published in Nature and directed by Eric Leroy tested more than 1,000 small vertebrates in central Africa and found evidence of asymptomatic Ebola infection in three species of frugivorous bats, which led him to believe that perhaps these animals that sometimes they hunt to consume their meat, were the reservoir of the virus (Kupferschmidt, 2017). Humans can become infected by hunting and eating infected meat or by direct contact with bats. Once infected, the human can transmit the virus to others. Moreover, Ebola has an incredible ability to take over the body fluids of men who have survived the disease long after they have healed. In fact, one study found that more than half of men who survived the West African epidemic tested positive for Ebola in semen a year or more after recovery (CDC, 2016). In one case, the analysis yielded a positive result no less than 565 days after the cure (CDC, 2016). Because of the risk of the disease spreading, survivors are advised to avoid having unprotected sex until their semen has twice tested negative for the presence of the virus.
It is estimated that each infected person infects an average of two other people (Doucleff, 2014). The bodies of deceased people remain highly infectious for about seven days. Although Ebola has often been classified as a hemorrhagic fever, WHO and other experts begin to avoid the term as not all individuals present with visible hemorrhages (WHO, 2014). In fact, the evolution is as follows: the first symptoms (tiredness, nausea, fever, headache) are similar to those of diseases such as influenza and malaria, which makes early diagnosis difficult. As the infection progresses, muscle aches, fever and headache become more pronounced and diarrhea and vomiting appear. Often, there is bleeding from the nose or gums. Death occurs within two weeks after the onset of the first symptoms (WHO, 2014).
The rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine, specific for the Zaire strain and not yet approved, was developed by the National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada, tested in Guinea and Sierra Leone during the 2014-2016 epidemic and then purchased by the company. Pharmaceutical Merck, which holds the rights. 100% of the people vaccinated did not develop the disease. However, it was the end of the outbreak and the actual efficacy of this compound must still be proven (Medaglini & Siegrist, 2017). The first trials with the candidate vaccines show that they are safe and that they induce an immune response. What is not yet known is the level of protection and the duration of it. Even if the vaccines do not confer lasting protection, they can be used in future outbreaks to protect the most exposed populations (health workers, among others). Moreover, there is currently no approve vaccine or specific treatments for Ebola. For now, the most effective way to limit in part the mortality caused by the virus is to provide intensive support care, which consists in restoring liquids and electrolytes lost by diarrhea and vomiting.
CDC (2016). Virus Linger Longer than Expected in Semen. Retrieved on July 8, 2018 from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p0830-ebola-virus-semen.html
Doucleff, M. (2014). No, Seriously, How Contagious Is Ebola?. Public Health. Retrieved on July 12, 2018 from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/10/02/352983774/no-seriously-how-contagious-is-ebola
Kupferschmidt, K. (2017).Hunting for Ebola among the bats of the Congo. Since AAAS. (361)6398. doi:10.1126/science. Aan6907
WHO (2014). Ebola Response Team. Ebola virus disease in West Africa — the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. N Engl J Med.371:1481-1495
Sample Answer 3 for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
Clostridium difficile or C.diff has been found to be the second leading cause of death among children under the age of 5 with 70% of all cases to be pediatrics in the country of Georgia. C.diff is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacillus and it is antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The symptoms can very but diarrhea is the most common. It is diagnosed by testing the patient’s stool using stool cultures, glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (Migriuli et al., 2018) .
The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of C.diff in hospitalized pediatric patients in the country of Georgia. The main objective for this study was to “test and pilot the real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction diagnostic systems for rapid and simultaneous identification of number of pathogens” (Migriuli et al., 2018, p. 172). Other objectives were to decrease the number of c.diff infection rates, improving quality in testing methods, and improving quality of life.
A cross-sectional study was performed on 211 stool samples from 192 pediatric patients in the time frame of May 2016 to September 2017. The pediatric patient’s age ranged from 0 to 17 with a median age of 3.5 years. The patient sample consisted of 109 (56.7%) males and 83 (43.3%) females. Of the 211 stool samples, 21 or 10% came back positive for c.diff. C.diff and other pathogens have increased in this country, especially in pediatrics. The study found a prevalence of C.diff in their study to reach 10% for their country.
I believe an “average” reader will be able to comprehend the message and understand the high rates of C.diff in that area and in the pediatric population. I believe the article and study provided the reader with elaborate information on what C.diff is, how it is contracted, diagnostic testing and treatments, and so forth. I believe it will provide more thinking for sure. Personally, I was unaware of how prevalent C.diff was in that area and I have learned a thing or two. I believe the article done a great job at delivering vital information on their topic and aim of study.
Reference
Migriauli, I., Meunargia, V., Chkhaidze, I., Sabakhtarishvili, G., Gujabidze, K., Khokrishvili, G., Janashia, J., Kamkamidze, G. (2018). Epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized pediatric patients in georgia. Georgian Medical News, 2(275), 172-174.
Sample Answer 4 for NR 503 Week 3: Current Event
Having had worked with the geriatric population for over ten years, I have witnessed many unfortunate deaths, injuries, and declines in physical functioning as well as mental awareness. As we age, we become more dependent on others because we slowly lose the ability to function and think the way we once did. In my years of working with the elderly, I think that loss of one’s cognitive awareness can be worse than the loss of the ability to walk. Gifford & Jones (2009) note that deficits in dementia are not limited to having a bad memory, but can also include “impairment in language, organizational skills, attention, and judgement” (p. 45). According to Gordis (2014), Alzheimer’s Dementia was listed in 2009 as the sixth of the ten leading causes of death. Alzheimer’s is a highly researched disease and many organizations are looking for ways to better treat and prevent the disease.
The Mayo Clinic’s Division of Epidemiology has an ongoing study called the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging in which cognitive changes related to aging are researched. In this study, the question is to determine if anesthesia and surgery are linked to a decline in the older adult’s memory and thinking. The objectives of the Mayo Clinic Study are to determine the causes of cognitive decline as well as ways to prevent it, develop models that predict the probability that an individual will experience cognitive decline, and continue to carry out research studies aimed toward bettering the aging process.
According to Schulte et al (2018), a cohort study was performed on 1,819 participants ages 70 to 89 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Some participants had either had surgery or been under anesthesia within 20 years prior to enrolling in the study while others had not been exposed to either. Cognitive assessments were performed every 15 months. The study revealed that participants who had undergone surgery or been exposed to anesthesia did have a slight decline in cognition compared to those who hadn’t. However, it is noted that the authors were unable to determine if the decline was really a result of the anesthesia or surgery. The average reader would probably read the article and automatically rule out the possibility of undergoing surgery simply because it is reported that there is a small link between surgery and anesthesia and cognitive decline. This article can influence an individual’s decision on whether to undergo surgery or receive anesthesia, especially if the individual already has some cognitive impairment or even a family history of it.
References:
Gifford, J. & Jones, R. (2009). Assessment and treatment of cognitive deficits in dementia. Prescriber, 20(6), 45-49
Gordis, L. (2014). Epidemiology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
Schulte, P.J., Roberts, R.O., Knopman, D.S., Peterson, R.C., Hanson, A.C., Schroeder, D. R., Weingarten, T. N., Martin, D.P., Warner, D. O., & Sprung, J. (2018). Association between exposure to anaesthesia and surgery and long-term cognitive trajectories in older adults: report from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 121(2), 398-405