NRS 429 Topic 3 Family Assessment Part II
NRS 429 Topic 3 Family Assessment Part II
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The promotion of optimum health of families is imperative in healthcare. Nurses utilize their understanding of family structure and diversity in needs to develop care plans that promote the health, wellbeing, and recovery of family members. Family assessment enables nurses to provide holistic care that addresses both the actual and potential needs of the family members. The assessment provides insights into family strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to be explored to achieve the desired health-related goals. Therefore, this paper examines an interview performed with a family to identify its health status and application of family systems theory to promote positive change in the family’s functions over time.
Family Health Assessment is crucial in identifying the family’s strength and weakness in terms of access to quality and affordable care. The assessment also provides crucial information to the healthcare practitioners on the threats to achieving comprehensive health and general wellness for the whole population. Furthermore, the family assessment prepares nurses especially the Family Nurse Practitioners with the relevant skills required in the assessment of the family health patterns and be able to offer family-based solutions (Peterson-Burch, 2018). The concept has also proved to be instrumental in advancement of genetic interventions in some of the complex conditions.
The health and wellbeing of families depend largely on the social and environmental factors in their communities. Social and environmental factors influence the access to and utilization of healthcare services. They act as critical determinants that can either enhance or hinder the utilization of healthcare services and health outcomes of individuals with different health needs. Therefore, this paper explores the social determinants of health, age appropriate screenings and health model that can be utilized to ensure family-centered health promotion for the family interviewed in assessment one.
Description of the Family Structure
The interviewed family comprises seven members that include parents aged between 40 and 50 years, a grandparent aged 75 years, and two children aged between 10 and 20 years. The family is of African American ethnicity. It is a Christian family living in a family-owned home. The father is a nurse while the mother is a teacher. The grandfather is a retired army officer. The children are school-going. The family is of the middle class, living in a healthy environment. It engages in activities that contribute to the development of the community. For example, it assists the poor in achieving their health-related needs.
Overall Health Behaviors of the Family
The interview revealed that the family is in good health. Except for the grandfather, who is diabetic and suffers from depression, the majority of the family members were found to be healthy. The family participates in activities that benefit their health. Engaging in active physical activities, eating healthy diets, and utilizing social support systems are some of the ways they can meet their health-related needs. The interview also demonstrated to the family the importance of using screening services for health issues such as hypertension, cancer, and obesity. The interview revealed some flaws that endanger the organization’s health. They include high healthcare costs and limited access to specialized care. The family expressed concern about the rising costs of meeting the grandfather’s care needs. In most cases, the family found it difficult to obtain the specialized care he required due to the region’s geographical location. As a result, it was critical to assist the family in identifying solutions to their health-related problems.
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Social Determinants of Health Affecting Family and Family Health Status
In this section, you will be describing the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) that affect the family health status. (Remember to spell it out first, then you can use the abbreviation throughout the paper.) This information needs to be relevant, accurately identified, and thoroughly described. What is the impact of these SDOH on the family that was interviewed? The direct impact to the family, and why the factors are prevalent to the family, are discussed in detail. Discuss why these factors are prevalent for this family. The discussion is well supported and illustrates insight into SDOH and their effect on the family health status. Remember when the rubric states well supported, this means to use outside sources or references to build or illustrate your point.
Did you know that family is an important social unit that influences one’s health? According to Canh, Branco, and Liotta (2019), one’s recovery from a disease is not only dependent on the medical interventions used but also the social support for the family. The critical role played by the family in the disease management makes it important for the healthcare providers to include them in decision-making processes. Evidence has shown that active involvement of the family in the disease management process often result in enhanced care outcomes such as adherence to medications, patient and family satisfaction, and empowerment of the patient and the family to adopt lifestyles and behaviors that will contribute positively to their health. Therefore, this family assessment paper explores Mr. X’s family. Mr. X’s family comprises three members who include: Mrs. Y, and Ms. A. Mr. X is the husband, Mrs. is the wife while Ms. A is their son who is suffering from type II diabetes. Currently, Mr. A is on oral hypoglycemic drugs, dietary management, and exercises. However, the family reports that incidences of unregulated blood glucose have been high due to their son’s non-adherence. Their son was recently admitted due to diabetic ketoacidosis.
Setting
Neighborhood
The neighborhood is among the critical determinants of one’s health and lifestyle behaviors. According to Devlin (2018), human beings learn most of the behaviors they display from their environment. For instance, being born in an environment where the abuse of drugs is prevalent increases one’s risk of abusing drugs too. Therefore, the environment plays a critical role in influencing one’s health, health outcomes, and lifestyle. Mr. X’s family reside in community B. The community is located in the outskirts of our town. The community’s majority is minority ethnicities that include African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Natives.
There are positive aspects that are evident in Mr. X’s community. Firstly, there are posters that raise the awareness of the public on the effects of drug and substance abuse. There are also posters on upcoming forums on promoting healthy lifestyles among the youth. The community also has recreational grounds where the public can engage in activities such as sports to promote their health (Devlin, 2018). However, the community suffers from problems that include poor drainage, inadequate housing facilities, lack of good schools, inadequate healthcare facilities, and high cases of alcohol and drug abuse.
Home Assessment
Mr. X’s family has establishments that include a church, a pharmacy, grocery, and a gym. According to the family, they usually attend the church on Sundays for their spiritual support. They also buy over-the counter medications from the pharmacy to manage conditions such as flu and headaches. The grocery is their main source of food items. The family reports that they do not utilize the services of the gym since they do not afford the cost of the services it offers.
An immediate assessment of Mr. X’s family reveals issues that appear to influence their health. Firstly, their housing is small to accommodate them. The space in the living room was inadequate due to it being used as a storage room. The house has poor ventilation and water shortage has been a prevalent issue in the homestead. The family has Medicare insurance. However, they do not largely utilize it since they believe in the use of alternative medicines. Mr. X is a smoker and takes alcohol on occasional basis. Mrs. X is a strong Christian and engages in casual work in the neighborhood. Mr. A completed his college studies last year and has been looking for a stable source of employment since then but in vain. He appears obese and reports that he likes eating fast foods, as they are readily available in their neighborhood. He does not adhere to the medical treatment of her condition because he has been using alternative medicines to manage it. This shows that the health practices of the family have influenced his decisions significantly. (Didn’t provide Checklist)
Recommendations
Specific recommendations should be implemented for the health outcomes of Mr. X’s family to be achieved. Firstly, there is an increased need to provide health education focusing on aspects that affect their health. This includes educating them in the health risks of smoking, non-adherence to medications, and unhealthy eating habits. There is also a need to educate them on the importance of environmental hygiene and sanitation. Their living environment should be clean and well aerated to promote their health by preventing respiratory diseases. Health education should also encompass their health seeking habits. They should be educated on the importance of utilizing conventional medicine in managing their conditions. Lastly, they should be educated on the social support systems and healthcare services that are available for them. This is important, as it would enhance further the realization of their diverse health outcomes.
Age-Appropriate Screening Recommendations
Based on the information gathered through the family health assessment, this section will be recommending age-appropriate screenings and highly relevant for each family member. These screenings correlate to the information gathered through family health assessment. Remember to present strong rational and support for your suggestions.
Assessment of Health Model
You will be choosing a health model to assist in creating a plan of action. The health model selected needs to be thoroughly described. Then, discuss the reasons why this health model is the best choice for this family. These reasons are clearly outlined. There needs to be strong rationale and support (references) provided to support your reasoning.
Application of Health Model
In this section, you will be using the model and outline the steps for a family-centered health promotion. Create a relevant and viable family-centered health promotion. The steps to achieve the desired outcome are described in detail. The section must include appropriate strategies for communication with the family and are clearly presented. The health promotion is well-designed and demonstrates an ability to assimilate findings and appropriately apply theoretical knowledge to achieve desired outcomes.
Conclusion
In the conclusion paragraph, provide a wrap-up of the information provided.
References
Falkner, A. (2018). Health promotion in nursing care. Health promotion: Health and wellness across the continuum. Retrieved from https://lc.gcumedia.com/nrs429vn/health-promotion-health-and-wellness-across-the-continuum/v1.1/#/chapter/2
(The above reference is an example to demonstrate the formatting and hanging indent. This is for the chapter in our course materials. If you do not use this reference in your paper, please delete. There should be at least three references for this assignment.)
Description of the Assessment
Consider the interview and evaluation you conducted for the Topic 2 Family Health Assessment assignment. Determine the social determinants of health (SDOH) that contribute to the health of the family. Create a plan of action to incorporate health promotion strategies for this family in a 750-1,000 word paper. Include the following items:
Describe the SDOH that have an impact on the family’s health. What effect do these SDOH have on the family? Explain why these factors are so prevalent in this family.
Recommend age-appropriate screenings for each family member based on the information gathered during the family health assessment. Provide justification and support for your suggestions.
Select a health model to help you develop a plan of action. Describe the model you’ve chosen. Discuss why this health model is the best option for this family. Give an explanation for your reasoning.
Outline the steps for a family-centered health promotion using the model. Include communication strategies.
To complete this assignment, you must cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources. Sources must have been published within the last 5 years and be relevant to the assignment criteria.
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Social determinants of health are factors within one’s family and community that affect their access to healthcare services. Arthur’s family was interviewed in the previous project. The assessment showed the existence of significant health-related needs for the family. Nurses and other healthcare providers should collaborate with the family in developing healthcare plans to transform their lifestyles and behaviors. Therefore, this paper examines the social determinants of health affecting Arthur’s family, age-appropriate screenings for the family members, and appropriate health model that can be used to develop a plan of care for the family.
Social Determinants of Health Affecting the Family
As noted above, social determinants of health are factors within one’s environment that influence their access to healthcare services. The factors include those in places where one was born, work, grew, aged, and died. The interview with Arthur’s family showed the existence of several social determinants of health affecting them. One of them is the lack of awareness about their health needs. Education is an important aspect in health that increase population’s awareness about health risks and how to avoid them. However, Arthur’s family is not aware of the health risks associated with sedentary lifestyles. The family members rarely engage in active physical activity despite being obese and Arthur suffering from hypertension (CDC, 2022). Arthur and his son consume high amount of high calorie foods, which increases their risk of health complications such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Therefore, their lack of awareness about the health risks of their lifestyles and behaviors is a crucial determinant of the family’s health.
The other social determinant of health seen in Arthur’s family is the affordability of healthcare services. Despite Arthur and his son suffering from hypertension and obesity respectively, they rarely visit the hospital for assessment and treatment. The family noted experiencing financial hardships, which makes it difficult for them to access and utilize the healthcare services that they need. The American healthcare system is among the most expensive in the world (Palmer et al., 2019). As a result, families from low socioeconomic backgrounds often experience challenges in affording the healthcare services they need for their health and wellbeing.
The other social determinant of health evidence from the family assessment is social and community contexts. Arthur’s family demonstrated the lack of adequate family support system during the assessment. This could be seen from the family members failing to provide their daughter her desired social support when she experienced a relationship failure. The family also does not discuss about issues related to sexuality and relationship due to the influence of their religious beliefs (Palmer et al., 2019). The wider social and community system also does not support healthy habits for its members. This can be seen from the easy access to fast foods for the family members and the lack of community systems to increase the population’s awareness about the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors (CDC, 2022). Therefore, Arthur’s family social and community contexts act as their social determinants of health.
Age-Appropriate Screenings
Arthur’s family members should utilize different age-appropriate screenings for their health promotion. The age-appropriate screenings for John Arthur include eye examinations, hearing tests, blood pressure screening, skin, dental, and testicular examinations. Age-appropriate screenings for Cate Arthur includes skin, dental, blood pressure, hearing, and eye examinations. The age-appropriate screenings for Chris Arthur includes eye, blood pressure, hearing, dental, and skin examinations. Mr. Arthur’s age-appropriate screenings include blood pressure, testicular, blood glucose, cholesterol, colonoscopy, and prostate screening tests. The age-appropriate screenings for Mrs. Arthur include ovarian cancer screening, mammography, bone density, cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, pelvic, and cervical cancer screenings (Fragala et al., 2019). These screenings are important for early detection and prevention of potential health problems that may affect the family members.
Health Model for the Family
A health model that can be adopted to assist in creating a plan of action for the Arthur’s family is the transtheoretical model. Transtheoretical model is a theory of change used to facilitate behavioral change among the target populations. It promotes long-term behavioral change through multiple adaptions and actions over time. The model postulates that people are in different stages of readiness to embrace healthy lifestyles and behaviors (Castrucci & Auerbach, 2019). As a result, the nurse should create awareness about the change and provide enabling factors for the process. The transtheoretical model asserts that change occurs in steps that include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. This model is appropriate for the family since it will promote sustained lifestyle and behavioral change among the family members (Pennington, 2021). Since change occurs in steps, it would be possible to implement strategies that will prevent family members from relapsing to their unhealthy habits.
Steps for a Family-Centered Health Promotion
The transtheoretical model provides several steps that must occur for the delivery of family-centered health promotion. The nurse should create awareness among the family members for the change in the precontemplation stage (Pennington, 2021). The family members should be made to understand the health risks associated with their behaviors and the need for a change. The nurse should facilitate them to develop interest in changing their behaviors in the contemplation stage. She should also help them to explore strategies that they need for their optimum health and wellbeing in the preparation stage (Liu et al., 2018). The nurse should then guide them in implementing new, healthy lifestyles and behaviors in the action phase. The focus is on ensuring incremental adoption of healthy lifestyles and behaviors and assisting the family members not to relapse to their unhealthy behaviors. The last stage in creating sustainable change is maintenance where family members have stabilized the desired healthy behaviors (Prochaska, 2020). Therefore, the transtheoretical model of change provides an effective approach to assisting the family achieve their desired health promotion goals.
Conclusion
Overall, Arthur’s family experiences significant social determinants of health that affect their healthcare access and health-related outcomes. The nurse should work with the family in identifying the effective ways to promote the optimum health of the family members. The transtheoretical model of change can be applied in assisting the family to achieve its health promotion goals. The model provides steps for achieve sustained behavioral change in the family.
References
Castrucci, B., & Auerbach, J. (2019). Meeting individual social needs falls short of addressing social determinants of health. Health Affairs Blog, 10(10.1377).
CDC. (2022, May 9). Social Determinants of Health | NCHHSTP | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/socialdeterminants/index.html
Fragala, M. S., Shiffman, D., & Birse, C. E. (2019). Population health screenings for the prevention of chronic disease progression. Am. J. Manag. Care, 25, 548–553.
Liu, K. T., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., Kim, Y., & Kuan, G. (2018). Application of transtheoretical model on behavioral changes, and amount of physical activity among university’s students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2402.
Palmer, R. C., Ismond, D., Rodriquez, E. J., & Kaufman, J. S. (2019). Social Determinants of Health: Future Directions for Health Disparities Research. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S1), S70–S71. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.304964
Pennington, C. G. (2021). Applying the transtheoretical model of behavioral change to establish physical activity habits. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 2(1).
Prochaska, J. O. (2020). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 2266–2270.
Family Assessment Part II – Rubric
SDOH Affecting Family and Family Health Status
Criteria Description
SDOH Affecting Family and Family Health Status
Age-Appropriate Screening Recommendations
Criteria Description
Age-Appropriate Screening Recommendations
Assessment of Health Model
Criteria Description
Assessment of Health Model
Application of Health Model
Criteria Description
Application of Health Model
Thesis Development and Purpose
Criteria Description
Thesis Development and Purpose
Argument Logic and Construction
Criteria Description
Argument Logic and Construction
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Criteria Description
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Criteria Description
Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Documentation of Sources
Criteria Description
Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)