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NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

Grand Canyon University NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience-Step -By-Step Guide

 

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Grand Canyon University NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

 

How to Research and Prepare for NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

 

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Grand Canyon University NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

 

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

 

How to Write the Introduction for NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

The introduction for the Grand Canyon University NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

 

How to Write the Body for NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

 

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

 

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

 

How to Write the Conclusion for NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

 

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

 

How to Format the References List for NRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience

 

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Quantitative Research Critique

Introduction

The inadequacy of nurses is a serious issue in the US, as it is in many other nations regarding healthcare. This issue is brought on by the steadily growing patient population and the rising nurse turnover rates. According to several authorities, a heavy workload in nursing in the US is causing stress and eventually significant nurse turnover. The issue poses serious difficulties for everyone involved in healthcare, including patients, nurses, and their relatives. Therefore, patients experience subpar care due to the high nurse attrition rate. Numerous research has been undertaken to comprehend and address this issue. This paper assesses the outcomes of two quantitative investigations on the effects of staffing levels on patient safety, infection control, and nurse and patient stress especially in the intensive care unit departmentsNRS 433 Rough Draft Quantitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations Patience 

There are many differences between nursing and medical practice problem as both health care disciplines has different approach towards looking at a patient problem. The goal of medical diagnosis process is to formulate a clinical judgment for the following reason: to identify or rule out a disease, to explain the findings and their likely causes to the patient, predict the disease’s course and modify its predicted course (Chiffi,D., Zanotto.R.2015). Medical providers rely on many diagnostic tests and procedures along with their assessments and clinical reasoning to develop the diagnosis. For example, the patient who presented with abdominal pain, nausea vomiting goes through the medical work up including blood work and diagnostic studies such as CAT scan towards the medical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis &alcohol withdrawal symptom.   While the medical problems focus on patient’s clinical outcome, nursing diagnosis on this situation might be focused on patient as a whole. In this case, patient’s goal of care is based on nursing problem. Some of the problem /nursing diagnosis might be  Intolerance to pain due to the pancreatitis or  ineffective coping due to the loss of loved one. Nursing problem will guide nurses to approach clinical conditions of patients more holistically and provide support to not just the individual but the community.

PICOT question

In the ICU departments, do sufficient nurse workers (I) prevent the occurrence of medical errors, infections, and stress among patients and nurses themselves (O) within one year (T) compared to inadequate nurse workers (C)?

Population (P) – The target population is the patients in the ICU.

Intervention (I) – Sufficient nurse workers

Comparison (C) – Inadequate nurse workers.

Outcome (O) -Prevents infections, stress, and medical errors among the patients and nurses

Time (T) – The duration is one year.

Background of Studies

Fagerström et al. (2018) studied how nurses’ daily workloads relate to patients’ safety in 36 units from four hospitals in Finland, one of which was a tertiary acute care hospital while the other three were secondary acute care hospitals. The researchers used the studying of safety incidents through observation. Also, they based their investigation on collecting information from the reporting system in healthcare institutions. To compare the findings with regressions using the common patients/nurse measure, researchers employed the RAFAELA system to correlate various patient safety issues and patient mortality. Patient safety events and deaths served as the investigation’s preliminary result indicators. It reveals that the nurses’ workload increases the health risks among patients. However, a reduced workload reduces the health risks.

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patient average nursing care hours are correlated with nursing care metrics in Nogueira et al. (2017). Between 2011 and 2013, the researchers carried out a transversal, descriptive study to gather information from the nursing staff’s daily schedule and the electronic records system. The data was then analysed using Generalized Linear Models. According to the study, providing patients more daily hours reduced the risk of pneumonia and phlebitis, two conditions linked to ventilator use. As a result, it is clear from the study that the number of nursing care hours directly influences patient outcomes, necessitating modification of nurse staffing levels.

Support

The relationship between nurses’ daily workloads and patients’ safety is described in Fagerström et al. (2018). It demonstrates that the workload of nurses raises patient health concerns. But a lighter burden lessens the health dangers. Similarly, Nogueira et al. (2017) examine the proportion of nurse care hours supplied to patient demands. The research also establishes that the length of nursing care impacts patients’ health outcomes. As a result, both studies support the PICOT question since they show a connection between the quality of nursing care and patient outcomes.

Method of Studies

Fagerström et al. (2018) used observational analysis of safety occurrences. Additionally, the researchers base their work on gathering data from the reporting system in healthcare facilities. They collected information from 36 units across four Finnish hospitals, including one that provided acute tertiary care and three others that provided secondary acute care. The RAFAELA system was used daily per standards, valid nursing severity inclusion criteria were measured using the PAONCIL method, and reliable nursing intensity data were expressed in terms of an annual reliability test conducted by parallel classifications. Units that had undergone significant organizational shifts over the preceding year were excluded from the procedure. The same goes for sensitive health information about patients and any information about the qualities of the nurses. In this instance, researchers conducted logistic regression analyses to assess the data and predict correlations between each kind of result and the daily level of nursing intensity per nurse concerning the presumed optimal level. The number of nurses employed in the surveyed ICU on a daily and monthly basis was reported by the researchers in Nogueira et al. (2017) based on the nursing staff’s daily schedule and the electronic records system. After that, the researchers used generalized linear models to examine it. Therefore, the two investigations were different in that Nogueira et al. (2017) used descriptive research to collect information from the electronic records system and the daily schedule of the nursing staff. In contrast, Fagerström et al. (2018) used observation.

Since the researcher may check the validity of the data collected, the observation approach is often accurate. Based on data collected daily, researchers in Fagerström et al. (2018) successfully analyzed the association between nurse workload and patient outcomes. They could apply tools that consider patient variables, including sex, age, and diagnosis. In addition, the study offers some data that suggests the classic nurse staffing indicator, the patients to nurses’ ratio, may partly fall short of adequately controlling for patient severity and casemix.

Additionally, researchers can rely on various tools to verify the phenomena in the observation method. Researchers in Fagerström et al. (2018) gathered nursing resources, patients’ nursing intensity, patient mortality, and patient safety issues daily, totalling 12 475 data points. Additionally, using uncorrected logistic regression models and models that took into account the impacts of the day of the week, holiday, and season, they were able to predict relationships between OPC/nurse and patient safety events or death. However, when utilizing the observational method, researchers might miss some instances that are being examined. Fagerström et al. (2018) study neglect to consider the potential impact of the experts’ patient-related direct time, skill mix, competency level, or job experience.

Using transverse, descriptive studies, researchers can describe, analyse, and record people’s behaviors such as emotions, responses, and attitudes. Researchers found that giving patients more daily hours reduced pneumonia and phlebitis, which are linked to ventilator use (Nogueira et al. (2017). However, this method is subject to biases. For instance, they could base conclusions about a person on the analysis of a larger group or conclude about a group of people based on one person. Nogueira et al. (2017) aim to circumvent this issue by focusing on a particular audience, 1,717 patients.

Results of Studies

According to Fagerström et al. (2018), the risk of patient mortality and other safety issues is enhanced by hospital nurses’ increased workload. The researchers found that if OPC/nurse was below the limit, a medical error mortality chance was nearly 25% lower. A workforce metric based on daily assessments of specific patient care needs and the necessary NWL (OPC/nurse) performed marginally better in predicting incidents and mortality rates than the conventional patient-to-nurse measure.

Nursing care hours affected patients’ health outcomes, according to Nogueira et al. (2017). Researchers found that extending the day for patients reduced their risk of developing pneumonia and phlebitis, two conditions linked to ventilator use.

Ethical Considerations

Fagerström et al. (2018) ensured that the study adheres to ethical standards and protects participants’ rights. It is necessary to obtain approval from the pertinent authorities. Hence, they sought approval from the chief administrative physicians of all four hospitals involved. However, it did not necessitate any additional ethical clearance, which complies with Finland’s regulatory framework for health research. Similarly, Nogueira et al. (2017) had approval from various organizations, including the University of São Paulo (EERP/USP) and the Research Ethics Committee of Ribeirão Preto College of Nurse. Consequently, the two studies were following the necessary laws and regulations.

Before starting their study, researchers must also get participants’ informed consent. Participants are told of the study’s goals, rights, potential advantages and dangers, and the methodology. The participants must next indicate their agreement to participate in the study by signing a consent form. However, informed consent was not used in either study because of the scope of the investigations. The type of approval used by Nogueira et al. (2017) did not require participant agreement. Fagerström et al. (2018) did not require patient agreement because their study incorporated observation and data collection from the reporting process in healthcare facilities.

Conclusion

Both Fagerström et al. (2018) and Nogueira et al. (2017) examine the relationship between the nature of nursing care and patient safety. Specifically, Fagerström et al. (2018) investigate the relationship between patient safety concerns and fatalities and the workload of each nurse. On the other hand, Nogueira et al. (2017) compare nurse care indicators with the number of nursing hours spent caring for patients in intensive care units. While Nogueira et al. (2017) utilized a transverse, descriptive study to gather data, researchers in Fagerström et al. (2018) used observation. Both investigations adhere to ethical norms because they have received the necessary authority’s approval. The two approaches were useful since they supported the study’s conclusions that staffing levels affect nurses’ and patients’ outcomes. However, they had some limitations that probably compromised the findings.

References

Fagerström, L., Kinnunen, M., & Saarela, J. (2018). Nursing workload, patient safety incidents and mortality: an observational study from Finland. BMJ Open, 8(4), e016367.

Nogueira, T. D. A., Menegueti, M. G., Perdoná, G. D. S. C., Auxiliadora-Martins, M., Fugulin, F. M. T., & Laus, A. M. (2017). Effect of nursing care hours on the outcomes of Intensive Care assistance. PloS one, 12(11), e0188241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188241

Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations – Rubric

Rubric Criteria

Total 190 points

Criterion

1. 1: Unsatisfactory

2. 2: Less Than Satisfactory

3. 3: Satisfactory

4. 4: Good

5. 5: Excellent

Ethical Considerations

Ethical Considerations

0 points

Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is incomplete. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles presented in the essay is incomplete.

21.38 points

Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is summarized but there are significant inaccuracies or omissions.

23.65 points

Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is discussed but there are some inaccuracies, or some information is needed.

26.79 points

Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented; some detail in needed for accuracy or clarity.

28.5 points

Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. A detailed discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented.

Results of Study

Results of Study

0 points

Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete.

21.38 points

A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies.

23.65 points

Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation.

26.79 points

Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.

28.5 points

Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Article Support of Nursing Practice Issue

Article Support of Nursing Practice Issue

0 points

Discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is incomplete.

21.38 points

A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question. Significant information and detail are required.

23.65 points

A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed.

26.79 points

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support.

28.5 points

A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

0 points

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used.

7.13 points

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present.

7.89 points

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

8.93 points

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

9.5 points

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Thesis Development and Purpose

Thesis Development and Purpose

0 points

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

7.13 points

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear.

7.89 points

Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose.

8.93 points

Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

9.5 points

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Documentation of Sources

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

0 points

Sources are not documented.

7.13 points

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.

7.89 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present.

8.93 points

Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct.

9.5 points

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

Qualitative Studies

Qualitative Studies

0 points

Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use qualitative research.

7.13 points

Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on qualitative research.

7.89 points

N/A

8.93 points

N/A

9.5 points

Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on qualitative research.

Argument Logic and Construction

Argument Logic and Construction

0 points

Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

7.13 points

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

7.89 points

Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

8.93 points

Argument shows logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.

9.5 points

Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Method of Study

Method of Study

0 points

Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete.

21.38 points

A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies.

23.65 points

A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized. A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed.

26.79 points

A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity.

28.5 points

A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail. A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods.

Background of Study

Background of Study

0 points

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete.

14.25 points

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation.

15.77 points

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.

17.86 points

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.

19 points

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

0 points

Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

7.13 points

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

7.89 points

Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

8.93 points

Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

9.5 points

All format elements are correct.