NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

Walden University NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment-Step-By-Step Guide

This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.

How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.

After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.

How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.

How to Write the Body for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.

Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.

How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.

How to Format the References List for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.

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Sample Answer for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

Anatomy of the neuron.

The neuron is mainly made up of soma, dendrites, and axon. According to Allen and Lyons (2018), soma acts as the neuron’s core while dendrites obtain synaptic inputs, and lastly, the axon, which resembles a tail-like structure, generates action potential action. As a result, the nerve impulse starts from the dendrite and then goes to soma and towards the axon. While at the axon, the synapse crosses towards the postsynaptic nerve cell after passing the nerve impulse, resulting in the action potential.Axon sizes varies length wise. For instance, when a myocardium experiences an electrical impulse, such impulse begins at the sinoatrial node within the right atrium towards the atrioventricular node, with the impulse traveling down to the conduction pathway through the HIS of bundle aims to stimulate the two ventricles to pump blood to the body.

What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures?

The basal ganglia.
limbic structures
pituitary gland
Diencephalon

Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction?

Dopamine

What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?

The key neurotransmitters are;

Pars compacta (SNpc) that contain dopaminergic neurons
Pars Reticula (SNpr) contains gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons (Lin et al., 2021)

How glia cells function in the central nervous system

Glia cells are commonly known as the non-neuronal cells within the peripheral and central nervous systems. The main roles that glia cells have include protecting and supporting the neurons, forming myelin, and maintaining homeostasis (Allen & Lyons, 2018). Glia cells usually exist in three categories; microglial cells that protect the brain immune against diseases and injury, oligodendrocytes that supports the neuron’s axons within the brain, and astrocytes that control neurotransmitter levels within the synapse by controlling the ions concentration.

Communication.

When the action potential or the electrical impulse gets to the presynaptic vesicles, it triggers neurotransmitters’ contents released from the neurons. These neurotransmitters then become responsible for transporting the signal through the synaptic gap toward the receptors’ sites in the postsynaptic cell (Allen & Lyons, 2018). Depending on the positivity or negativity of ions such as NA+ and K+ , the signal travels across various channels connecting the membrane until the synaptic transmission process is complete.

“Neuroplasticity”

The neuroplasticity concept refers to the brain’s ability to change, adapt, and modify to function and structure throughout an individual’s life while responding to their experiences and activity. According to Carey et al. (2019), neuroplasticity explains how neuropathways become reorganized when the brain registers new experiences. Consequently, through neuroplasticity, the brain nerve cells can easily compensate for brain diseases and injuries such as the impact that a stroke may cause. Another example of neuroplasticity occurs when memorizing and learning new information since the change occurs at the neural connections. Neuroplasticity is activity driven, will be lost if not used.

References

Allen, N. J., & Lyons, D. A. (2018). Glia as architects of central nervous system formation and function. Science, 362(6411), 181-185. DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0473

Carey, L., Walsh, A., Adikari, A., Goodin, P., Alahakoon, D., De Silva, D., … & Boyd, L. (2019). Finding the intersection of neuroplasticity, stroke recovery, and learning: scope and contributions to stroke rehabilitation. Neural Plasticity, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5232374

Lin, R., Liang, J., & Luo, M. (2021). The raphe dopamine system: roles in salience encoding, memory expression, and addiction. Trends in Neurosciences, 44(5), 366-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.002

As a psychiatric nurse practitioner, you will almost certainly encounter patients suffering from a variety of mental health issues. Not surprisingly, ensuring that your patients have access to the appropriate psychopharmacologic therapy is critical to their general health and well-being. The psychopharmacologic treatments you may propose for patients may have an impact on other mental health issues, necessitating more thought for favorable patient outcomes. You will evaluate and use your knowledge of psychopharmacologic therapy for people with numerous mental health conditions for this Assignment.

Photo Credit: Getty Images/Collection Mix: Sub

To Get Ready

Examine this week’s Learning Resources.
Consider the psychopharmacologic treatments you’ve discussed so far that may be accessible to treat patients with mental health NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment issues.
Consider the potential consequences of these psychopharmacologic treatments on co-existing mental health disorders and/or their overall health implications.

To finish:

For your Assignment, respond to the following Short Answer questions. Make sure to include references to this week’s Learning Resources.

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Explain the proper medication therapy for a patient with MDD and a history of alcohol misuse in three or four sentences.Which medicines, if any, are contraindicated, and why? Make your point. What is the expected time period for the patient’s symptom resolution?Make a list of four predictors of late-onset generalized anxiety disorder.
List four neurobiological causes of psychotic major depression.
A significant depressive episode is defined as a period of at least two weeks. List at least 5 symptoms that must occur for the episode to occur. Make your point.
List three drug classes that cause insomnia, along with an example from each type. Make your point.By Day 7

This Assignment is due.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK8Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
Click the Week 8 Assignment 1 Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
Click the Week 8 Assignment 1 link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK8Assgn1+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 8 Assignment 1 Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 8 Assignment 1 draft and review the originality report.

Sample Answer 2 for NURS 6630 Psychopharmacological Approach to Treat Psychopathology Assessment

Neurons are information messengers with three main parts namely the cell body, axon, and the dendrites (Kringelbach et al., 2020). The cell body is made up of a nucleus and cytoplasm and produces protein required to construct other parts of the neuron. The axon, on the other hand, extends from the cell body and carries signals away from the cell body while the dendrites carry signals toward the cell body and have numerous synapses to receive the signal from nearby neurons. Upon stimulation, neurons transmit an electrical impulse that passes through the dendrite, to the cell body, axon, axon terminal, and finally, the stimulus is passed (Kringelbach et al., 2020). At the axonal terminal, the axon releases neurotransmitters that depolarize neighboring cells through synapses and by binding to the membrane of the dendrite.

Subcortical Structures

Other structures within the brain are subcortical structures that act as information hubs for the nervous system. Their main role is to relay and modulate information circulating in different areas of the brain. They include the basal ganglia, limbic structures, pituitary gland, and the diencephalon (Malinowski, 2019).

The limbic systems play a great role in learning and memory addiction. The systems provide the anatomical substrate for emotions and motivated behaviors, including the circulatory for reward-related events and stress responses. Specifically, the hippocampus is used to mediate a cognitive/spatial form of memory. It controls learning and declarative memory which covers the memory of facts and events (Malinowski, 2019). The dorsal striatum also helps in memory by mediating the stimulus-response habit memory. Addiction on the other hand is linked to the limbic system through the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus (Malinowski, 2019).

In line with motor control, the nigra striatal region offers two anatomically and functionally distinct portions knowns as the substantia nigra pars compacta and the substantia nigra pars reticulata.

Glial Cells

Other essential components in the central nervous system are the glial cells. They include the astrocytes whose role is to maintain the environment for neuronal signaling by controlling the level of neurotransmitters surrounding the synapses (Hirbec et al., 2020). Equally, oligodendrocytes wrap around the axons forming a protective layer called myelin sheath which enhances neuron signaling. The cells also include microglia, ependymal cells, and radial glial whose roles are clearing dead cells or removing harmful toxins, maintaining homeostasis, and regenerating neurons and other glial cells like astrocytes and oligodendrocytes respectively.

Neuron Communication

Neurons communicate with each other through synaptic transmission. A chemical synapse is registered at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the dendrite of the postsynaptic neuron (Malinowski, 2019). The dendrite picks up signals and passes the signals down to the axon, into the axon terminals, and into the synapses. The role of the chemical synapse is to transform the electrical signal in the presynaptic cell’s axon into a chemical signal and back into an electrical signal in the postsynaptic cell.

Neuroplasticity

Brain plasticity denotes the ability of the brain to reorganize itself and form new neural connections in response to extrinsic or intrinsic stimuli. Through axonal sprouting, the undamaged axons develop new nerve endings and reconnect neurons with severed or injured links (Mateos-Aparicio & Rodríguez-Moreno, 2019). For instance, undamaged brain sites of stroke patients rewire themselves to take over functions of the damaged brain sites. Similarly, the undamaged axons sprout nerve endings that connect with other undamaged nerve cells to form new neural pathways (Mateos-Aparicio & Rodríguez-Moreno, 2019). For example, exposing the brain to specific grammatical rules helps it process and develop language.

References

Hirbec, H., Déglon, N., Foo, L. C., Goshen, I., Grutzendler, J., Hangen, E., … & Escartin, C. (2020). Emerging technologies to study glial cells. Glia, 68(9), 1692-1728. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.23780

Kringelbach, M. L., Cruzat, J., Cabral, J., Knudsen, G. M., Carhart-Harris, R., Whybrow, P. C., … & Deco, G. (2020). Dynamic coupling of whole-brain neuronal and neurotransmitter systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(17), 9566-9576. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921475117

Malinowski, M. N. (2019). Anatomy of the brain and brain stem. In Deer’s Treatment of Pain (pp. 49-59). Springer, Cham.

Mateos-Aparicio, P., & Rodríguez-Moreno, A. (2019). The impact of studying brain plasticity. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 13, 66. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00066