NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Walden University NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act– Step-By-Step Guide
This guide will demonstrate how to complete the Walden University NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act assignment based on general principles of academic writing. Here, we will show you the A, B, Cs of completing an academic paper, irrespective of the instructions. After guiding you through what to do, the guide will leave one or two sample essays at the end to highlight the various sections discussed below.
How to Research and Prepare for NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Whether one passes or fails an academic assignment such as the Walden University NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act depends on the preparation done beforehand. The first thing to do once you receive an assignment is to quickly skim through the requirements. Once that is done, start going through the instructions one by one to clearly understand what the instructor wants. The most important thing here is to understand the required format—whether it is APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.
After understanding the requirements of the paper, the next phase is to gather relevant materials. The first place to start the research process is the weekly resources. Go through the resources provided in the instructions to determine which ones fit the assignment. After reviewing the provided resources, use the university library to search for additional resources. After gathering sufficient and necessary resources, you are now ready to start drafting your paper.
How to Write the Introduction for NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The introduction for the Walden University NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is where you tell the instructor what your paper will encompass. In three to four statements, highlight the important points that will form the basis of your paper. Here, you can include statistics to show the importance of the topic you will be discussing. At the end of the introduction, write a clear purpose statement outlining what exactly will be contained in the paper. This statement will start with “The purpose of this paper…” and then proceed to outline the various sections of the instructions.
How to Write the Body for NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
After the introduction, move into the main part of the NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act assignment, which is the body. Given that the paper you will be writing is not experimental, the way you organize the headings and subheadings of your paper is critically important. In some cases, you might have to use more subheadings to properly organize the assignment. The organization will depend on the rubric provided. Carefully examine the rubric, as it will contain all the detailed requirements of the assignment. Sometimes, the rubric will have information that the normal instructions lack.
Another important factor to consider at this point is how to do citations. In-text citations are fundamental as they support the arguments and points you make in the paper. At this point, the resources gathered at the beginning will come in handy. Integrating the ideas of the authors with your own will ensure that you produce a comprehensive paper. Also, follow the given citation format. In most cases, APA 7 is the preferred format for nursing assignments.
How to Write the Conclusion for NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
After completing the main sections, write the conclusion of your paper. The conclusion is a summary of the main points you made in your paper. However, you need to rewrite the points and not simply copy and paste them. By restating the points from each subheading, you will provide a nuanced overview of the assignment to the reader.
How to Format the References List for NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
The very last part of your paper involves listing the sources used in your paper. These sources should be listed in alphabetical order and double-spaced. Additionally, use a hanging indent for each source that appears in this list. Lastly, only the sources cited within the body of the paper should appear here.
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NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Politicians’ main interest is to be re-elected to continue maintaining their political positions. The interest of being reelected every campaign has greatly impacted the policymaking process. Politicians would rather support what looks good in the eyes of people to ensure they do not lose quorum (Milstead & Short, 2019). Since President Trump became the president of the United States of America, he has been against the Affordable Care Act. As a result, he has tried to repeal the policy but the efforts have failed. President Trump’s administration has not given up since many trials to repeal the Affordable Care Act are expected. Most probably, the repeal trials have failed so that politicians can safeguard their likelihood of being re-elected. This paper explains how the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being re-elected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA. It also explains how analysis of the voter views may impact politicians’ recommendations about the Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2019
. How The Cost-Benefit Analysis in Terms of Legislators Being Re-Elected Affected Efforts to Repeal/Replace The ACA
The ‘Obamacare’ commonly known as the Affordable Care Act was launched by President Barack Obama. The policy has enabled most Americans to receive health insurance. However, the repeal process has failed perhaps because election matters a lot to politicians. Just within a year of Trump’s inauguration, Republicans began the debate to repeal ‘Obamacare’ and revise the long-standing Medicare and Medicaid programs (Obama, 2017). Because replacing the ACA would result in many people losing their insurance and this would limit medical care, it would impact negatively the 2018 election. Many leaders who supported the repeal would lose their seats. The leaders could not support the repeal upon realizing that it would negatively impact their reelection. A clear picture here is that political leaders do not care about how repealing the Affordable Care Act would affect Americans but how it would affect their reelection chances (Taylor et al., 2017). Therefore, it is clear that not just election results matters to politicians but also the threat of upcoming elections.
The Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2019
Politicians’ interest in being reelected also impacted the Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2019. This bill was introduced by the representative for Illinois’s 9th congressional district who is a Democrat (Congress.Gov, 2020). The bill is still in the first stage of the legislative process. It was introduced to Congress on 21st October 2019. It must be first considered by the committee before it is send to the House or Senate as a whole. Politicians will have to examine this bill to identify whether or not it will impact the upcoming election. This bill touches part D of Medicare, which is a voluntary program that helps pay for outpatient prescription drugs (Congress.Gov, 2020). This section, therefore, might affect many Americans. How this bill will influence the next election will determine whether or not it will be passed as a part of the law that governs Medicare operations in the United States. The cost-benefit analysis in terms of politicians being reelected therefore has a significant influence on their recommendations and positioning of legislative policies (Dickinson & Reinmuth, 2017, October).
References
Congress.Gov. (2020). H.R. 4769: Medicare Prescription Drug Savings and Choice Act of 2019. Retrieved from https://www.congress.gov/
Dickinson, M. J., & Reinmuth, K. (2017, October). Trump, Congress, and Health Care: All Politics Is National. In The Forum (Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 431-450). https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781538105740/The-Trump-Presidency-Outsider-in-the-Oval-Office
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Obama, B. H. (2017). Repealing the ACA without a replacement—the risks to American health care. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 72(5), 263-264. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1616577
Taylor, D., Olshansky, E., Fugate-Woods, N., Johnson-Mallard, V., Safriet, B. J., & Hagan, T. (2017). Corrigendum to position statement: Political interference in sexual and reproductive health research and health professional education. Nursing Outlook, 65(2), 346–350. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.05.003
I couldn’t agree with you more, and I appreciate Dr. A.E.’s intentions in prompting this question and mentioning social determinants of health. Healthcare quality and access to health care is a major obstacle in healthcare reform. The ACA and AHCA not only strategize to increase access to health care by providing Americans affordable insurance options, but also include interventions to force the improvement of healthcare quality, which becomes a major source of contentions for economic healthcare stakeholders.
NURS 6050 Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActAn example of this can be explored by discussing the AHCA element of transitioning care from a fee-for-service reimbursement model to a value based reimbursement model. This AHCA enforced change resulted in a major shift for many health care organizations. Fee-for-service reimbursement rewarded providers for the volume of services they provide, while the value-based approach payments are rendered based off of meeting agreed-upon quality and performance measures directly tied to patient outcomes.
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According to McHugh, M. D., et al, (2013), the AHCA’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) highly invests and highlights the value of quality measures and services offered by health care professionals outside of the provider, specifically nurses. HHRP penalizes hospitals with excessive readmission rates of Medicare beneficiaries; the primary objective of the HRRP is to reduce the rate of readmissions in accordance with the hospitals’ financial incentives with payers’ and patients’ quality goals (McHugh, M. D., et al, 2013). According to McHugh, M.D., et al, (2013), hospitals with higher nursing staff had 25 percent lower odds of being penalized compared to other similar hospitals with lower staffing. One can see why penalties like these would create resistance and motivation for repeal of the AHCA in primary healthcare economic stakeholders and highly influence their political affiliation despite social determinants of health.
References
McHugh, M. D., Berez, J., & Small, D. S. (2013). Hospitals With Higher Nurse Staffing Had Lower Odds Of
Readmissions Penalties Than Hospitals With Lower Staffing. Health Affairs, 32(10), 1740–1747.
https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0613
Murphy, L. S., & Warshawsky, N. E. (2015). Nursing Education A Solution to Healthcare’s Gordian Knot?
JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(6), 302–304. https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000203
Reply Quote Email Author
This is insightful. Affordable Care Act has provided opportunities for millions of Americans to get access to affordable healthcare services. The policy has greatly improved healthcare delivery processes in different healthcare institutions. Affordable Care policy was one of the focuses in the previous elections (Glied & Jackson, 2017). The creation and implementation of different policies in the healthcare system often impact a number of individuals. Particularly, nurses and general healthcare professionals, as well as patients, are mostly affected. The legislation on the Affordable Care Act involved consideration of different factors, including insurance policies from different health insurance companies (Laureate Education, 2018). Also, there was voting based on the party line. However, some of the legislators went beyond the party requirements to consider the impacts of the policy on the citizens. The repealing of the Affordable Care Act by the Trump administration was meant to influence the voting patterns in the subsequent election (Milstead & Short, 2019). The president knew that individuals who cast their votes based on the issues around the affordable care act would remain on his side in the upcoming election.
References
Glied, S., & Jackson, A. (2017). The future of the Affordable Care Act and insurance coverage. American journal of public health, 107(4), 538-540. Retrieved from: https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303665
Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). Introduction to Health Policy and Law with Joel Teitelbaum [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in 2010, and it considerably changed the U.S. health care landscape. The goals of the ACA were to make insurance coverage more affordable, reduce the number of uninsured, and expand access to care. To attain these goals, the ACA expanded eligibility for Medicaid and established new marketplaces where Americans without employer coverage could purchase policies directly from insurers (Oberlander, 2017). The ACA faced strong opposition from Republicans, who described it as unrealistic because it required every American to have medical insurance (Oberlander, 2017). When the Trump administration took power in 2017, the president and Congress members of the Republican Party vowed to replace the ACA. However, one year after taking office, Republicans could not agree on whether to repeal the ACA immediately, repeal right away and replace it later, or repeal it later after establishing a replacement strategy (Oberlander, 2017). Although the Republicans repealed parts of the ACA, including the budgetary and fiscal provisions, they did not replace it.
The Senate Republicans’ failure to honor their promise of passing a bill to replace ACA, can be attributed to the unpopularity of this bill to the public. The legislators had to assess the political impact of repealing the ACA with no replacement on their chances of being reelected (McCarthy, 2017). They had to perform a cost-benefit analysis on the cost of repealing the ACA on the future chance of being reelected and the benefits of repealing it. For instance, if the Senate replaced the ACA right away, with no replacement, the number of uninsured Americans would increase drastically, which would be opposed by their voters (McCarthy, 2017). This would negatively affect the public view of the lawmakers on their constituents, and lower their odds of being reelected if they did not have a better plan to replace the ACA. Besides, the cost-benefit analysis can explain why the Republicans had two canceled votes in March 2017 and had to introduce a new amendment to the American Health Care Act to unite the party behind the bill (McCarthy, 2017). The failure to replace the ACA as promised shows that lawmakers can be unwilling to support bills that are a potential threat to their election results in upcoming elections.
Legislative leaders’ decisions regarding recommending or positioning national policies are often influenced by their voters’ views. Voters are known to influence legislators’ policy choices and are at times forced to compromise their choices including partisan politicians (Pacheco & Maltby, 2017). Lawmakers have to consider their voters’ views before making a policy decision that affects their constituents to maintain a positive public image (Pacheco & Maltby, 2017). In the case the voters’ views contradict a legislator’s decision regarding a policy, the lawmaker is forced to compromise their position on the policy and move to the center.
Failing to take the voters’ views can have negative consequences on the law maker’s future elections. Furthermore, to continue supporting and voting for a legislator in future elections constituents must remain convinced that their lawmaker is listening to them and consider their views (Pacheco & Maltby, 2017). For instance, members of congress had to assess the voters’ view on repealing the ACA provisions that would cut funding for Medicaid or change Medicaid to a block grant program. Since many Americans benefited from the expansion of Medicaid, it affected Congress’ decision to pass bills that would hinder their voters’ access to the program and ultimately affect their public image.
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References
McCarthy, M. (2017). U.S Republican attempt to repeal and replace Affordable Care Act collapses. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3508
Oberlander, J. (2017). Repeal, replace, repair, retreat—Republicans’ health care quagmire. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(11), 1001-1003.
Pacheco, J., & Maltby, E. (2017). The role of public opinion—does it influence the diffusion of ACA decisions?. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 42(2), 309-340.https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-3766737
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NURS 6050 Information science Essay
Politics and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Regardless of political affiliation, individuals often grow concerned when considering perceived competing interests of government and their impact on topics of interest to them. The realm of healthcare is no different. Some people feel that local, state, and federal policies and legislation can be either helped or hindered by interests other than the benefit to society.
Consider for example that the number one job of a legislator is to be reelected. Cost can be measured in votes as well as dollars. Thus, it is important to consider the legislator’s perspective on either promoting or not promoting a certain initiative in the political landscape.
Resources
Be sure to review the Learning Resources before completing this activity.
Click the weekly resources link to access the resources.
To Prepare:
- Review the Resources and reflect on efforts to repeal/replace the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
- Consider who benefits the most when policy is developed and in the context of policy implementation.
By Day 3 of Week 3
Post an explanation for how you think the cost-benefit analysis in terms of legislators being reelected affected efforts to repeal/replace the ACA. Then, explain how analyses of the voters views may affect decisions by legislative leaders in recommending or positioning national policies (e.g., Congress’ decisions impacting Medicare or Medicaid). Remember, the number one job of a legislator is to be re-elected. Please check your discussion grading rubric to ensure your responses meet the criteria.
By Day 6 of Week 3
Respond to at least two of your colleagues* on two different days by expanding on their explanation and providing an example that supports their explanation or respectfully challenging their explanation and providing an example.
*Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues.
Rubric Detail
Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.
Name: NURS_6050_Module01_
| Excellent | Good | Fair | Poor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main Posting |
45 (45%) – 50 (50%)
Answers all parts of the discussion question(s) expectations with reflective critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module and current credible sources. Supported by at least three current, credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. |
40 (40%) – 44 (44%)
Responds to the discussion question(s) and is reflective with critical analysis and synthesis of knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. At least 75% of post has exceptional depth and breadth. Supported by at least three credible sources. Written clearly and concisely with one or no grammatical or spelling errors and fully adheres to current APA manual writing rules and style. |
35 (35%) – 39 (39%)
Responds to some of the discussion question(s). One or two criteria are not addressed or are superficially addressed. Is somewhat lacking reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Somewhat represents knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Post is cited with two credible sources. Written somewhat concisely; may contain more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Contains some APA formatting errors. |
0 (0%) – 34 (34%)
Does not respond to the discussion question(s) adequately. Lacks depth or superficially addresses criteria. Lacks reflection and critical analysis and synthesis. Does not represent knowledge gained from the course readings for the module. Contains only one or no credible sources. Not written clearly or concisely. Contains more than two spelling or grammatical errors. Does not adhere to current APA manual writing rules and style. |
| Main Post: Timeliness |
10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
Posts main post by day 3.
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not post by day 3.
|
| First Response |
17 (17%) – 18 (18%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. |
15 (15%) – 16 (16%)
Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. |
13 (13%) – 14 (14%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. |
0 (0%) – 12 (12%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. |
| Second Response |
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
Response exhibits synthesis, critical thinking, and application to practice settings. Responds fully to questions posed by faculty. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by at least two scholarly sources. Demonstrates synthesis and understanding of learning objectives. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are fully answered, if posed. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. |
14 (14%) – 15 (15%)
Response exhibits critical thinking and application to practice settings. Communication is professional and respectful to colleagues. Responses to faculty questions are answered, if posed. Provides clear, concise opinions and ideas that are supported by two or more credible sources. Response is effectively written in standard, edited English. |
12 (12%) – 13 (13%)
Response is on topic and may have some depth. Responses posted in the discussion may lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are somewhat answered, if posed. Response may lack clear, concise opinions and ideas, and a few or no credible sources are cited. |
0 (0%) – 11 (11%)
Response may not be on topic and lacks depth. Responses posted in the discussion lack effective professional communication. Responses to faculty questions are missing. No credible sources are cited. |
| Participation |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Meets requirements for participation by posting on three different days.
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
|
0 (0%) – 0 (0%)
Does not meet requirements for participation by posting on 3 different days.
|
| Total Points: 100 |
|---|
Also Read: NURS 6050 Discussion Presidential Agendas
Michael Lu
RE: Discussion – Week 3
Top of Form
Healthcare and the Election of Legislators
The reelection cycle of legislators promotes actions taken by legislators to not run counter to their future efforts to be reelected. In regards to the ACA, I believe Milstead & Short illustrate how these two items combined may play out. It is stated that as the Republican party began to take legislative majority, repeal or revision of these ACA programs would interfere with the upcoming 2018 election cycle (Milstead & Short, 2019, p. 39). As such, some of the major changes to the ACA made as talking points by Republican legislators were held back, relative to an aggressive perusal of overhauling the ACA. If such an attempt was made, the breadth of changes needed would be disruptive enough to have voters possibly lose support for the actions of the Republican party, and as such, pose a major risk to reelection/loss of majority. This demonstrates the cost-benefit calculation that legislators must keep in mind when making legislative decisions in our current system of reelection.
Voter views thereby affect the actions of elected legislators. If an overwhelming and vast majority of Legislator A’s constituents want ACA essentially abolished, this legislator will support relatively aggressive policies and positions which lead to that outcome. In Legislator B’s constituency, the vast majority seem mixed or even indifferent about the fate of the ACA. Legislator B will then likely not show strong support for any policies affecting the ACA, one way or another. This would be partially because any policy support either direction would likely not upset legislator B’s chances of reelection. This would also incentivize legislator B to show strong opinions toward other issues that their constituency does care about greatly, shifting attention elsewhere.
Surveying and polling the constituency is one way to represent and extrapolate voter views. However according to Pew Research Center in 2014 regardless of party, roughly half of voters said their house member was “in touch with the district” (Pew Research Center, 2014). Meaning even if there was a Republican elected, half of the republicans in that representative’s constituency would still say their representative was out of touch. Later Pew Research in 2022 found that the majority of people did believe that it was important that their preferred party held majority in the congress (Pew Research Center, 2022). This lends evidence that voters in general tend more look at the beliefs and policies the party as a whole has rather than the individual representative of their region, when making voting decisions. This definitely simplifies any vote choice but also at the downside of less specificity when it comes to more detailed issues and talking points.
References
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Pew Research Center. (2014). GOP Has Midterm Engagement Advantage. Pew Research Center.
Pew Research Center. (2022). Midterm election preferences, voter engagement, views of campaign issues. Pew Research Center.
Temitope Shodeinde
Response 1 wk 3
Top of Form
Hello Michael, the republican party tends to hold back when it’s beneficial to them, and that’s what makes them a stronger party. They stand together and support each other. In terms of voting, I dont specifically vote for a person, I tend to vote for the party, I am a proud democrat and I go with the belief as a whole, which can sometimes be a flaw. The republicans always seem to be aware of the cost benefit calculation as you mentioned. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in the federal rulemaking process is the systematic examination, estimation, and comparison of the potential economic costs and benefits resulting from the promulgation of a new rule. (Perkins & Carey, 2017). Senator Ron johnson was one of the voices that emphasized seeing the GOP repeal the Affordable care act if the republican party were to win the white house, house of rep and senate majorities in 2024. He also stated that the republicans were being strategic in obstructing president Bidens and the democrat’s agenda, and that was a goal they set. (Wang, 2022)
References
Perkins, D. W., & Carey, M. P. (2017, April 12). Cost-benefit analysis and Financial Regulator Rulemaking. Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Regulator Rulemaking. Retrieved September 13, 2022, from https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R44813.pdf
Wang, A. B. (2022, March 7). Sen. Ron Johnson says Obamacare should be repealed if GOP wins power back. The Washington Post. Retrieved September 12, 2022, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/07/sen-ron-johnson-obamacare-repeal-gop-majority-midterms-2024/