Human Research Protection

CARING CORRUPTED: The Killing Nurses of the Third Reich

This video aims to show the viewer how the protection of human subjects in research has evolved. In this German case scenario, the Nazis corrupted service delivery in a highly discriminatory way, and professional nurses had to follow the federal code. The aim was to create a superior race. Therefore, medical care researchers and practitioners were required to violate medical ethics in practice and research when dealing with some community members, such as the disabled.

One issue in this video is that those considered genetically inferior were eliminated or excluded from essential healthcare services against their will. They were subjects of research without informed consent. Leadership that was supposed to fight the use of humans as research objects was the one initiating and supporting the violation of human rights.

Research Ethics Involving Human Subjects

The video’s purpose is to highlight events that motivated the research and production of the Belmont report. The report basically required research involving human subjects to consider the ethical principles of Beneficence, Respect for persons, and Justice (Daigle, 2014).

One critical aspect discussed in this video is that people with diminished autonomy were starting to get protection. As per this report, it is evident that researchers had to seek informed consent from these people before involving them in any research that could cause unwanted outcomes in their lives.

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The Belmont Report (Part One: Basic Ethical Principles)

The purpose of this video is to show how the bioethics policies guiding research using human subjects started to emerge and continued to be streamlined via the numerous recommendations and guidelines by the Belmont report. The Belmont report is therefore presented as the foundation of bioethics policies in the United States (irbmed, 2011).

In this video, the issues of researchers and IRB ensuring that people with limited autonomy, such as prisoners have their respect as persons is insisted on. This rationale relates to the researcher’s obligation to ensure they respect the Belmont report’s three ethical principles to guide research involving human subjects.

The Belmont Report (Part Two: Applying the Principles)

This video aims to highlight the three areas of applying the ethical principles highlighted in the Belmont report, which include informed consent, risk-benefit ratio, and selection of human subjects. Therefore, the researcher requires to understand their research and design it in a way that it can be deemed acceptable by human subjects (irbmed, 2011).

In this video, the most significant point is the researcher’s understanding of the ethical principles when designing research that will use humans as subjects. Apart from the participants being informed and giving their consent, the researcher has to clearly understand these principles before deciding the nature of their study and what it would entail.

Guiding Principles of Institutional Review Board

The purpose of this video is to show the viewer how IRB embraces diversity and how its processes are based on its guiding principles of respect for persons, risk &benefit analysis, and fairness and justice. The video shows the thoroughness involved in IRB’s processes (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2015).

Regarding protecting human subjects in research, this video shows that it is not always about IRB but the essence of upholding the critical principles to assure patients’ safety, privacy, rights, and well-being.

Human Research Protection References

Daigle, D. (2014, May 29). Research ethics involving human subjects. YouTube. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-O5gsF5oyls

irbmed. (2011, October 11). The Belmont Report (part One: Basic ethical principles). YouTube. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86zWBjDaXPk

irbmed. (2011, October 11). The Belmont Report (part Two: Applying the principles). YouTube. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIafASIIU70

Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2015, October 8). Guiding principles of institutional review boards (IRB). YouTube. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFik0of3iUM

UTHealth Nursing. (2017, February 24). CARING CORRUPTED – The Killing Nurses of the Third Reich. YouTube. Retrieved February 22, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rz8ge4aw8Ws

Cizik School of Nursing. (2017). Caring Corrupted – The Killing Nurses of the Third Reich. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rz8ge4aw8Ws

Health Care Policy

How Informatics can help Health care Providers

Professional Nursing Organization

The Evolution Of The U.S. Health Care System

Differentiate between \”leading\” and \”managing.\”

Discuss potential causes of conflict occurring within health care organizations.

Organizational Change Model

Nursing Theories

Nursing Theory in Practice

Ethical Issues in Conducting Research

Identify recommendations for nursing education you believe will be most effective or radical in creating change within the industry.

Compare and contrast two nursing theories.

Identify the two recommendations for nursing education you believe will be most effective or radical in creating change within the industry

Imagine the following scenario: You are taking the evidence-based practice course and one of your classmates shares an EBP project draft with you.

What is your personal worldview?

Topic 4 Assignment: Nursing Theory

Worldview and Nursing Process Personal Statement

Topic 6 DQ 1: Appropriateness of Research

Discuss how the shift to value-based health care has impacted delivery of care and the role and responsibilities of the advanced registered nurse.

Differentiate between “leading” and “managing.”

Discuss the importance of interoperability between EHRs and other disparate systems and the impact on improving quality and access to care

Emerging Technology Brief

Researchers are expected to conform to the highest ethical standards when conducting medical experiments on human subjects. However, this documentary casts inhuman nurses who committed horrifying ethical violations in their practice by killing the vulnerable subject who were disabled, mentally ill, and infirm at the Third Reich’s behest, with an intention of creating a eugenic society (Cizik School of Nursing, 2017).

The key point here is that nurses should never lose bearings of professional compassion and responsibility. As a nurse, it is imperative to always strive ease suffering of the vulnerable people, maintaining moral order, and ethical compasses while dealing with human subjects (Cizik School of Nursing, 2017).

Daigle, D. (2014). Dr. delton daigle research ethics [Video file]. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-O5gsF5oyls

This video is centered on the research ethics. It highlights history of ethical research, cases that need regulations, and ensuing code of ethics that researchers need to follow. Some of the unethical behaviors in the history of ethical research started with the Nazi experiments and the Nuremberg Trails, which did not involve informed consent and the Tuskegee Syphilis study where African-American male were subjected to syphilis disease and forced or denied getting treatment despite the invention of the medication. The outcry of the public due to these two incidences compelled to federal government to create regulatory principles. The Nazi experiment resulted in the Nuremberg Code, which requires seeking of participants’ voluntary consent and ensuring that the benefits of research outweigh the risks. Moreover, the National Research Act (NRA) of 1974 was created to address the unethical treatment of the study subjects (Daigle, 2014).

The key points derived here include ensuring voluntary consent of participants and ensuring that the benefits of research outweigh the risks. The NRA also proposed three principles of ethical treatment of human subjects that researchers should always remember while conducting researches. They include respect for persons by ensuring informed consent and volunteerism, justice by ensuring fair distribution of benefits and risks, and beneficence by ensuring no harm to human subjects (Daigle, 2014). This information is critical in furthering the essence of ethical behaviors in performing research.

The University of Michigan Medical School. (2011a). The Belmont Report Part One: Basic Ethical Principles. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86zWBjDaXPk

This video is concerned with Belmont report, which responds to the Tuskegee syphilis study performed for a period of more than 40 by the US. In this study, African-American many males were subjected to syphilis disease and forced or denied getting treatment despite the invention of the medication (The University of Michigan Medical School, 2011a).

The important point regarding protection of human subjects derived from this video include respect for human subjects by treating them as autonomous and capable of making responsible choices. Researchers should also ensure beneficence to the human subjects by avoiding any harm to them, thus, ensuring their wellbeing. Lastly, researchers should ensure justice through fair distribution of risks and benefits of research without creating differences based on ethnicity, race, sex, age, race, or class.

The University of Michigan Medical School. (2011b). The Belmont Report Part Two: Applying the Principles. Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIafASIIU70

This video is also about Belmont report on the Tuskegee syphilis study. However, it is concerned with application of general principles of research performance.

The key point here concerning protection of human subjects is that research should consider three major requirements including seeking informed consent by giving participants opportunity to choose what will and will not happen to them. The other requirements include evaluation of risks and benefits, and selection of subjects based on fair procedures and outcomes (The University of Michigan Medical School, 2011b).

Johns Hopkins. (2015). Guiding Principles of Institutional Review Boards (IRB). Retrieved from Youtube website: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFik0of3iUM

In this video, Johns Hopkins experts delves into the history of IRB, which was initiated in the year 1974 after signing of the National Research Act into law. The crucial role of IRB is to ensure human subjects of research (Johns Hopkins, 2015). The key points on protection of human subjects that can be derived here include respect for persons by seeking their informed consent, risk and benefits analysis, and justice and fairness.

References